Bacteria Flashcards
what are protocells?
they are the model for the evolution of cells
and they can self replicate
the origin of life:
the first split in the tree of life resulted in to things which are bacteria and archaea
what is bacteria?
bacteria is prokaryotic. they are unicellular and lack a nuclei and other membrane-enclosed organelles.
what are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
prokaryotic cells have no nucleus, they are unicellular, and an example is bacteria.
eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, they are multicellular, an example is plant and animal cells.
how do we classify bacteria?
by the structure of the cell wall and the shape of the cell
what is gram stain and bacteria cell wall?
gram stain method separated bacteria into two groups.
gram-positive bacteria which retains the violet dye
and
gram-negative bacteria which retains the red dye
the differences in these are caused because of the differences in the structure of the cell walls.
describe gram-positive bacteria:
it contains a thick layer of peptidoglycan outside its cell wall.
this thick layer of peptidoglycan retains the violet dye and appears to be blue or purple.
describe gram-negative bacteria:
it contains a thin layer of peptidoglycan in the periplasmic space between the cell membrane and another outer membrane.
this thin layer doesn’t retain the violet dye but picks up the counterstains and appears pink to red.
what are the different types of bateria cell shapes
spiral shaped - spirillium
rod shaped - bacillus
sphere shaped - coccus
give two examples of bacteria:
bacteria vibrio - a genus of gram-negative bacteria, rod-shaped (bacillus)
helicobacter pylori (H pylori) - bacteria that affects the stomach, and damages tissue in the stomach.
what are microbiomes?
our human health depends on the health of our microbiomes, which are bacterial communities that live in and on our bodies
what is legionella pneumophila?
can cause a serious type of pneumonia called legionnaires disease.
it is a thin aerobic bacteria and gram negative.
what is a bacterial vacuole?
a phagolysosome-like compartment. they require the formation of a specific vacuole inside the host cell, where they can replicate.
what is bacterial vacuole ?
a phagolysosome-like compartment. they require the formation of a specific vacuole inside the host cell, where they can replicate.
how can bacteria be useful in the lab?
they are cheap
easy to grow
grow very fast
we can trick bacteria to produce proteins for us and we can study the functions of these proteins.
