BACTERIA Flashcards
What is the purpose of the flagella (flagellum)?
To aid movement of the bacteria.
What is a chromosome? And what is the purpose?
A chromosome is a closed loop of DNA which controls the cells processes.
What is the purpose of the Cell membrane?
The cell membrane controls what enters and exits the cell.
What are Ribosomes?
Ribosomes are what make the proteins.
What does a Cell Wall do?
A Cell Wall gives rigidity and provides support to the bacteria.
What is a Cytoplasm?
Cytoplasm is where the cell reactions occur/ take place.
Where does Bacteria feeding take place?
Bacteria feed by extra cellular digestion which takes place outside of the cell.
What is the FIRST step in Bacteria feeding?
The first step is to: Secrete enzymes onto food.
What is the SECOND step to Bacteria feeding?
The second step is: The released enzymes break down (digest) the food into smaller molecules.
What is the THIRD step in Bacteria feeding?
The third step is: Nutrients are reabsorbed into the bacteria (bacterium).
What are the ideal conditions for Bacteria feeding?
The ideal conditions for feeding and growth are warmth, moisture and plenty of food.
What is the process called to release the energy from food?
Respiration.
What are Autotrophs?
Bacteria that can make its own food.
What are Saprophytes?
Bacteria that feed on dead organic matter, and are decomposers.
What is the FIRST process of Binary Fission?
The chromosome/ DNA replicates.
How does Bacteria reproduce?
Bacteria reproduces by Binary Fission (Cell division - Mitosis - Splitting into two).
What is the SECOND process of Binary Fission?
Cell membrane pinches the cytoplasm in half (invaginates).
What is the THIRD process of Binary Fission?
Bacterium (Bacteria) divides into two, each with a chromosome.
How often can some bacteria reproduce?
Some can reproduce every 15- 20 minutes.
What is the doubling of population called?
Exponential Growth.
Why can’t exponential growth go on indefinitely?
The food is used up; Bacteria produce wastes or toxins that accumulate and reach a level where they interfere with or poison the bacteria; the bacteria can run out of room; or if anaerobic bacteria run out of oxygen.
What do some bacteria form when unfavourable conditions arise?
Spores.
What do the bacterial spores do?
They are resistant to low and high temperatures, change in PH levels, desiccation (drying out) and the effect of chemicals.
What do bacteria spores do when conditions are favourabls?
They can grow into new bacteria cells.
What is Bacteria?
Bacteria is a prokaryote. It lacks a cell nucleus DNA/ RNA material is stored in a single loop in the nucleoid. Has no membrane bound organelles Reproduce asexually by binary fission
What is a slime capsule?
It’s a capsule around the bacteria cell which is made of slime to protect it.
When does binary fission happen?
It happens when one bacteria cell reaches its maximum size and when the environment conditions are ideal.
What are some HARMFUL ANAEROBIC respiring bacteria?
Bad smelling discharge, dead tissue and gas formation within the tissue.
What are some HELPFUL ANAEROBIC respiring bacteria?
Yoghurt production, waste processing and production of biogas.
What are some HARMFUL AEROBIC respiring bacteria?
Food rotting (sour milk).
What are some HELPFUL AEROBIC respiring bacteria?
Nitrogen fixing bacteria, cheese production and GE insulin production.
What is a disease- causing bacterium called?
A Pathogen.
What can bacteria excetion lead to in humans?
The toxins released by bacteria can lead to vomiting and diarrohea, or even death in humans.
What are the Bacterial Conditions for Growth?
Energy (food) Moisture (enough water for metabolism) Warmth Oxygen (for Aerobic bacteria only, oxygen may kill anaerobic bacteria). pH level (slightly better on acidic).
