BACTERIA Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What is the purpose of the flagella (flagellum)?

A

To aid movement of the bacteria.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a chromosome? And what is the purpose?

A

A chromosome is a closed loop of DNA which controls the cells processes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the purpose of the Cell membrane?

A

The cell membrane controls what enters and exits the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are Ribosomes?

A

Ribosomes are what make the proteins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does a Cell Wall do?

A

A Cell Wall gives rigidity and provides support to the bacteria.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a Cytoplasm?

A

Cytoplasm is where the cell reactions occur/ take place.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where does Bacteria feeding take place?

A

Bacteria feed by extra cellular digestion which takes place outside of the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the FIRST step in Bacteria feeding?

A

The first step is to: Secrete enzymes onto food.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the SECOND step to Bacteria feeding?

A

The second step is: The released enzymes break down (digest) the food into smaller molecules.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the THIRD step in Bacteria feeding?

A

The third step is: Nutrients are reabsorbed into the bacteria (bacterium).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the ideal conditions for Bacteria feeding?

A

The ideal conditions for feeding and growth are warmth, moisture and plenty of food.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the process called to release the energy from food?

A

Respiration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are Autotrophs?

A

Bacteria that can make its own food.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are Saprophytes?

A

Bacteria that feed on dead organic matter, and are decomposers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the FIRST process of Binary Fission?

A

The chromosome/ DNA replicates.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does Bacteria reproduce?

A

Bacteria reproduces by Binary Fission (Cell division - Mitosis - Splitting into two).

17
Q

What is the SECOND process of Binary Fission?

A

Cell membrane pinches the cytoplasm in half (invaginates).

18
Q

What is the THIRD process of Binary Fission?

A

Bacterium (Bacteria) divides into two, each with a chromosome.

19
Q

How often can some bacteria reproduce?

A

Some can reproduce every 15- 20 minutes.

20
Q

What is the doubling of population called?

A

Exponential Growth.

21
Q

Why can’t exponential growth go on indefinitely?

A

The food is used up; Bacteria produce wastes or toxins that accumulate and reach a level where they interfere with or poison the bacteria; the bacteria can run out of room; or if anaerobic bacteria run out of oxygen.

22
Q

What do some bacteria form when unfavourable conditions arise?

A

Spores.

23
Q

What do the bacterial spores do?

A

They are resistant to low and high temperatures, change in PH levels, desiccation (drying out) and the effect of chemicals.

24
Q

What do bacteria spores do when conditions are favourabls?

A

They can grow into new bacteria cells.

25
Q

What is Bacteria?

A
Bacteria is a prokaryote. 
It lacks a cell nucleus 
DNA/ RNA material is stored in a single loop in the nucleoid.
Has no membrane bound organelles
Reproduce asexually by binary fission
26
Q

What is a slime capsule?

A

It’s a capsule around the bacteria cell which is made of slime to protect it.

27
Q

When does binary fission happen?

A

It happens when one bacteria cell reaches its maximum size and when the environment conditions are ideal.

28
Q

What are some HARMFUL ANAEROBIC respiring bacteria?

A

Bad smelling discharge, dead tissue and gas formation within the tissue.

29
Q

What are some HELPFUL ANAEROBIC respiring bacteria?

A

Yoghurt production, waste processing and production of biogas.

30
Q

What are some HARMFUL AEROBIC respiring bacteria?

A

Food rotting (sour milk).

31
Q

What are some HELPFUL AEROBIC respiring bacteria?

A

Nitrogen fixing bacteria, cheese production and GE insulin production.

32
Q

What is a disease- causing bacterium called?

A

A Pathogen.

33
Q

What can bacteria excetion lead to in humans?

A

The toxins released by bacteria can lead to vomiting and diarrohea, or even death in humans.

34
Q

What are the Bacterial Conditions for Growth?

A
Energy (food)
Moisture (enough water for metabolism)
Warmth
Oxygen (for Aerobic bacteria only, oxygen may kill anaerobic bacteria). 
pH level (slightly better on acidic).