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Fundamentals 2 > Bacteria > Flashcards

Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Haemophilis influenzae

A

gram - coccobacilli, most common cause of community-acquired penumonia

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2
Q

Strep

A

gram + cocci, diplococci and chains more common than clusters, catalase -, facultative anaerobe, pyogenes common for cellulitis

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3
Q

Staph

A

gram + cocci in clusters, “aureus” golden/yellow color, catalase +, facultative anaerobe, aureus common for cellulitis

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4
Q

Neisseria meningitidis

A

gram - cocci

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5
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

poorly gram stain surrounded by sterols, no cell wall, many shapes

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6
Q

Borrelia recurrentis

A

spirochete, relapsing fever, transmitted via louse and epidemic in ethiopia

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7
Q

Treponema pallidum

A

spirochete, syphilis

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8
Q

Rickettsia rickettsia

A

gram -, intracellular coccobacilli, identified via Giemsa stain

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9
Q

Babesia microti

A

intracellular protozoa, cause babesiosis, identified via Giemsa stain, low blood counts including low hematocrit and thrombocytopenia

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10
Q

Serratia marcescens

A

red color

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11
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

blue-green pigment due to pyocyanin

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12
Q

Actinomyces

A

filamentous bacteria “cement” together, yellow-orange appearance aka “sulfur granules”

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13
Q

Gram stain dyes

A

fixation, crystal violet, iodine, decolorization, safranin

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14
Q

Thayer-Martin growth media

A

Neisseria growth selective

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15
Q

Blood Agar

A

non-selective, used to differentiate hemolysis pattern (beta = lysis, alpha = partial, gamma = no lysis), often used to differentiate species of streptococcus, Psuedomonas also beta hemolytic along with staph aureus

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16
Q

Chocolate agar

A

H. Influenzae, contains rbcs that are lysed through heating,

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17
Q

Bordet-Gengou agar

A

BORDetella pertussis

18
Q

Loeffler’s Media/Tellurite Plate

A

Loefflers media selevtive for corynebacterium diphtheriae and tellurite as well which produces gray-black colored colonies

19
Q

Lowenstein-jensen agar

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, slow growing (will also stain with Ziehl-Neelsen stain)

20
Q

Eaton’s agar

A

mycoplasma pneumonia, contains lots of cholesterol

21
Q

MacConkey’s agar

A

selective for gram -, contains bile salts that inhibits gram +, differential for lactose fermenters as well which turns agar pink, identify gram - rods

22
Q

Eosin-Methylene blue agar

A

inhibit gram + growth, also differential for lactose fermenters, if ferment lactose appear with green sheen look

23
Q

Sorbitol MacConkey agar

A

detection of E. Coli O157 strains grow colorless while other E. Coli produce pink colonies

24
Q

Buffered Charcoal Yeast

A

Legionella

25
Q

Sabouraud’s agar

A

selective for fungi,

26
Q

Abd Abscess/perforation tx

A

Metronidazole, gram - agent, below diaphragm

27
Q

Aspiration pneumonia tx

A

clindamycin, above diaphragm, gram - agent

28
Q

obligate intracellular bacteria

A

Chlamydia, rickettsia (rocky mountain spotted fever), require extracellular ATP

29
Q

Pseudomonas

A

gram -, obligate aerobe, aeruginosa can cause “hot tub folliculitis”,

30
Q

Obligate anaerobes

A

“Can’t Breath Free Air”, Clostridium/Bacteroides/Fusobacterium/Actinomyces israelii ATP through fermentation

31
Q

Virulence Factors

A

Protein A (staph aureus), IgA protease, M protein (binds factor H which is used to protect our own cells, and breaks down C3 convertase which prevent opsonization by C3b)

32
Q

Specific toxins

A

Exotoxin A, Shiga Toxin, EHEC, ETEC, Anthrax (edema toxin), Cholera Toxin, Pertussis toxin

33
Q

Shiga Toxin

A

Shigella causes infectionous diarrhea by binding to 60s ribosomal subunit and stopping protein synthesis

34
Q

EHEC

A

EHEC (enterohemorrhagic E. Coli) similar to shigatoxin E. coli O157:H7 but doesn’t invade host cells and causes disease via toxin unlike shigatoxin,

35
Q

Exotoxin A

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa secretes exotoxin A aka diphtheria toxin which stops protein synthesis

36
Q

ETEC

A

Heat Labile Toxin activates adenylate cyclase to increase camp, and heat stable activates guanylate cyclase to increase cGMP

37
Q

Anthrax (edema toxin)

A

mimics adenylate cyclase, lesions can have edematous border (surrounded swollen tissue)

38
Q

Cholera Toxin

A

“rice water diarrhea”, permanently activates Gs and increases cAMP

39
Q

Pertussis Toxin

A

inhibits Gi proteins, increase cAMP

40
Q

neurotoxins

A

Clostrigium tetani (tetanus) inhibit inhibitory neurons meaning muscle is always on, botulinum prevents Ach release and creates floppy syndromes

41
Q

alpha toxin

A

phospholipase C ezyme degrades muscles, clostrigium perfringens

Fundamentals 2 (9 decks)

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