BACTE LEC (HISTORY) Flashcards by Angelica Claire Rivera

are organisms that
are too small to be seen with the
unaided eye.

Microorganisms

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“Germ” refers to a

rapidly growing
cell.

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an aerobic respiration
wherein we’re going to convert glucose
into simply an alcohol and acetic
acid

FERMENTATION

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He established the
system of scientific nomenclature.

Carl Linnaeus

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Each organism has two names:

the
genus and specific epithet

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The specific names Are___ and used
worldwide.

Latinized

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This bacteria was honored to the discoverer Theodor Escherich and describes the
bacterium’s habitat–the
large intestine or colon.

Escherichia coli

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A scientist who discovered swan

Theodor Escherich

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Father of Taxonomy
who introduced genus and species

Carl Linnaeus

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Escherichia coli is also called

colon
bacillus

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Staphylococcus aureus can be found on ___

Skin

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Escherichia coli can be found in ____

large intestine.

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any microorganism
that is located in the body that will not
cause any pathogenic or any cause of
disease

Microbiota

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Is Bacteria a prokaryote or eukaryote

Prokaryote

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Bacteria has what kind of cell wall

Peptidoglycan

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Bacteria - Binary Fission

n/a

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For energy, use organic chemicals,
inorganic chemicals, or
photosynthesis

n/a

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Archaea is a prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

Prokaryotic

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Does archaea has peptidoglycan?

It lacks peptidogycan

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Archaea Live in extreme environments

n/a

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Extreme halophiles means (halophilic)

extreme salt
concentration

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Extreme thermophiles (thermphilic)

extreme
heat)

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Is Fungi prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

Eukaryotes

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What kind of cell wall does fungi have?

Chitin cell wall

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Fungi is Use organic chemicals for energy.

n/a

Molds and mushrooms are _____ consisting of masses of mycelia, which are composed of filaments called hyphae.

multicellular

Yeasts are____

unicellular

Is protozoa prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

Eukaryotes

Protozoa Absorb or ingest

protozoa organic chemicals

protozoa May be motile via pseudopods (ameoba) , cilia, or flagella

Is Algae prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

Eukaryotes

What kind of cell wall does algae have?

Cellulose cell walls

Algae is Use photosynthesis for energy

Algae Produce molecular oxygen and organic compounds

What kind of cellular is Viruses?

Acecullar

viruses Consist of DNA or RNA core

Core is surrounded by a ___

protein coat

Coat may be enclosed in a ___

lipid envelope

Viruses are replicated only when ___

they are in a living host cell.

MULTICELLULAR ANIMAL PARASITES are prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

Eukaryote

Parasitic flatworms and round worms are called

Helminths

The first microbes were observed ___

1673

In ___ He ___ reported that living things were composed of little boxes or cells.

1665, Robert Hooke

In ___ he ___ said cells arise from preexisting cells.

1858, Rudolf Virchow

All living things are composed of cells and come from preexisting cells.

Cell theory

From ____ described live microorganisms that he observed in teeth scrapings, rain water, and peppercorn infusions.

1673-1723, Anton van Leewenhoek

In ___ he __ filled six jars with decaying meat.

1668: Francesco Redi

In ___ he ___ put boiled nutrient broth into covered flasks.

1745: John Needham

In ___ he ___ boiled nutrient solutions in flasks

1765: Lazzaro Spallanzani

In ___ he ___ demonstrated that microorganisms are present in the air.

1861: Louis Pasteur

He Showed the process of fermentation and he is the Father of Microbiology (Modern)

Louis Pasteur

In ___ he showed that a silkworm disease was caused by a fungus.

1835: Agostino Bassi

In ___ he ___ believed that another silkworm disease was caused by a protozoan.

1865: Pasteur

in ___ he ___ advocated hand washing to prevent transmission of puerperal fever from one OB patient to another.

1840s: Ignaz Semmelwise

In ___ he __ used a chemical disinfectant (phenol) to prevent surgical wound infections after looking at Pasteur’s work showing microbes are in the air, can spoil food, and cause animal diseases.

1860s: Joseph Lister

presence of bacteria in the blood that produces toxin

Septicemia

only the presence of bacteria in blood (no toxin production)

Bacteremia

in ___ he ___ proved that a bacterium causes anthrax and provided the experimental steps, Koch’s postulates, to prove that a specific microbe causes a specific disease.

1876: Robert Koch

What bacteria did Robert Koch discovered

Bacillus anthracis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis

In ___ he ___ inoculated a person with cowpox virus. The person was then protected from smallpox.

1796: Edward Jenner

Vaccination is derived from ___ for ___

vacca, cow

The protection is called immunity.

Vaccination

Treatment with chemicals

chemotherapy.

Chemotherapeutic agents used to treat infectious disease can be __

synthetic drugs or antibiotics.

chemicals produced by bacteria and fungi that inhibit or kill other microbes.

Antibiotics

from tree bark was long used to treat malaria.

Quinine

In ___ he __ developed a synthetic arsenic drug, _____, to ____.

1910: Paul Ehrlich, salvarsan, treat syphilis

In ___, ____ were synthesized.

1930s: Sulfonamides

In ___ he ___ discovered the first antibiotic.

1928: Alexander Fleming

He observed that ___ fungus made an antibiotic, penicillin, that killed ___

Penicillium, S. aureus.

In ____, ___ was tested clinically and mass produced.

1940s: Penicillin

study of bacteria.

Bacteriology

study of fungi

Mycology

study of protozoa and parasitic worms.

Parasitology

study of an organism’s genes, have provided new tools for classifying microorganisms

Recent advances in genomics

study of immunity. Vaccines and interferons are being investigated to prevent and cure viral diseases.

Immunology

The use of immunology to identify some bacteria according to serotypes (variants within a species) was proposed by ___

Rebecca Lancefield in 1933.

study of viruses.

Virology

Recombinant DNA is DNA made from two different sources. In the 1960s, Paul Berg inserted animal DNA into bacterial DNA and the bacteria produced an animal protein.

involves microbial genetics and molecular biology.

Recombinant DNA technology, or genetic engineering,

showed that genes encode a cell’s enzymes (1942).

George Beadle and Edward Tatum

showed that DNA was the hereditary material (1944).

Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty

discovered the role of mRNA in protein synthesis (1961).

Francois Jacob and Jacques Monod