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Bacte > BACTE LEC (HISTORY) > Flashcards

BACTE LEC (HISTORY) Flashcards

1
Q

are organisms that
are too small to be seen with the
unaided eye.

A

Microorganisms

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2
Q

“Germ” refers to a

A

rapidly growing
cell.

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3
Q

an aerobic respiration
wherein we’re going to convert glucose
into simply an alcohol and acetic
acid

A

FERMENTATION

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4
Q

He established the
system of scientific nomenclature.

A

Carl Linnaeus

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5
Q

Each organism has two names:

A

the
genus and specific epithet

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6
Q

The specific names Are___ and used
worldwide.

A

Latinized

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7
Q

This bacteria was honored to the discoverer Theodor Escherich and describes the
bacterium’s habitat–the
large intestine or colon.

A

Escherichia coli

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8
Q

A scientist who discovered swan

A

Theodor Escherich

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9
Q

Father of Taxonomy
who introduced genus and species

A

Carl Linnaeus

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10
Q

Escherichia coli is also called

A

colon
bacillus

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11
Q

Staphylococcus aureus can be found on ___

A

Skin

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12
Q

Escherichia coli can be found in ____

A

large intestine.

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13
Q

any microorganism
that is located in the body that will not
cause any pathogenic or any cause of
disease

A

Microbiota

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14
Q

Is Bacteria a prokaryote or eukaryote

A

Prokaryote

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15
Q

Bacteria has what kind of cell wall

A

Peptidoglycan

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16
Q

Bacteria - Binary Fission

A

n/a

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17
Q

For energy, use organic chemicals,
inorganic chemicals, or
photosynthesis

A

n/a

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18
Q

Archaea is a prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

A

Prokaryotic

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19
Q

Does archaea has peptidoglycan?

A

It lacks peptidogycan

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20
Q

Archaea Live in extreme environments

A

n/a

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21
Q

Extreme halophiles means (halophilic)

A

extreme salt
concentration

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22
Q

Extreme thermophiles (thermphilic)

A

extreme
heat)

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23
Q

Is Fungi prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

A

Eukaryotes

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24
Q

What kind of cell wall does fungi have?

A

Chitin cell wall

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25
Q

Fungi is Use organic chemicals for energy.

A

n/a

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26
Q

Molds and mushrooms are _____ consisting of masses
of mycelia, which are composed of
filaments called hyphae.

A

multicellular

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27
Q

Yeasts are____

A

unicellular

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28
Q

Is protozoa prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

A

Eukaryotes

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29
Q

Protozoa Absorb or ingest

A
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30
Q

protozoa organic chemicals

A
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31
Q

protozoa May be motile via pseudopods
(ameoba) , cilia, or flagella

A
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32
Q

Is Algae prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

A

Eukaryotes

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33
Q

What kind of cell wall does algae have?

A

Cellulose cell walls

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34
Q

Algae is Use photosynthesis for energy

A
35
Q

Algae Produce molecular oxygen and
organic compounds

A
36
Q

What kind of cellular is Viruses?

A

Acecullar

37
Q

viruses Consist of DNA or RNA core

A
38
Q

Core is surrounded by a ___

A

protein coat

39
Q

Coat may be enclosed in a ___

A

lipid envelope

40
Q

Viruses are replicated only when ___

A

they are in a living host cell.

41
Q

MULTICELLULAR ANIMAL PARASITES are prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

A

Eukaryote

42
Q

Parasitic flatworms and round
worms are called

A

Helminths

43
Q

The first microbes were observed ___

A

1673

44
Q

In ___ He ___ reported
that living things were composed of
little boxes or cells.

A

1665, Robert Hooke

45
Q

In ___ he ___ said cells
arise from preexisting cells.

A

1858, Rudolf Virchow

46
Q

All living things
are composed of cells and
come from preexisting
cells.

A

Cell theory

47
Q

From ____ described live
microorganisms that he observed
in teeth scrapings, rain water, and
peppercorn infusions.

A

1673-1723, Anton van Leewenhoek

48
Q

In ___ he __ filled six jars
with decaying meat.

A

1668: Francesco Redi

49
Q

In ___ he ___ put boiled
nutrient broth into covered flasks.

A

1745: John Needham

50
Q

In ___ he ___ boiled
nutrient solutions in flasks

A

1765: Lazzaro Spallanzani

51
Q

In ___ he ___ demonstrated
that microorganisms are present in
the air.

A

1861: Louis Pasteur

52
Q

He Showed the process of
fermentation and he is the Father of Microbiology (Modern)

A

Louis Pasteur

53
Q

In ___ he showed that
a silkworm disease was caused by
a fungus.

A

1835: Agostino Bassi

54
Q

In ___ he ___ believed that
another silkworm disease was
caused by a protozoan.

A

1865: Pasteur

55
Q

in ___ he ___ advocated hand washing to
prevent transmission of puerperal
fever from one OB patient to
another.

A

1840s: Ignaz Semmelwise

56
Q

In ___ he __ used a
chemical disinfectant (phenol) to
prevent surgical wound infections
after looking at Pasteur’s work
showing microbes are in the air,
can spoil food, and cause animal
diseases.

A

1860s: Joseph Lister

57
Q

presence of bacteria in the
blood that produces toxin

A

Septicemia

58
Q

only the presence of bacteria
in blood (no toxin production)

A

Bacteremia

59
Q

in ___ he ___ proved that a
bacterium causes anthrax and
provided the experimental steps,
Koch’s postulates, to prove that a
specific microbe causes a specific
disease.

A

1876: Robert Koch

60
Q

What bacteria did Robert Koch discovered

A

Bacillus
anthracis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis

61
Q

In ___ he ___ inoculated a
person with cowpox virus. The
person was then protected from
smallpox.

A

1796: Edward Jenner

62
Q

Vaccination is derived from ___ for ___

A

vacca, cow

63
Q

The protection is called immunity.

A

Vaccination

64
Q

Treatment with chemicals

A

chemotherapy.

65
Q

Chemotherapeutic agents used to
treat infectious disease can be __

A

synthetic drugs or antibiotics.

66
Q

chemicals produced
by bacteria and fungi that inhibit or
kill other microbes.

A

Antibiotics

67
Q

from tree bark was long
used to treat malaria.

A

Quinine

68
Q

In ___ he __ developed a
synthetic arsenic drug, _____,
to ____.

A

1910: Paul Ehrlich, salvarsan, treat syphilis

69
Q

In ___, ____ were
synthesized.

A

1930s: Sulfonamides

70
Q

In ___ he ___ discovered the first antibiotic.

A

1928: Alexander Fleming

71
Q

He observed that ___
fungus made an antibiotic,
penicillin, that killed ___

A

Penicillium, S. aureus.

72
Q

In ____, ___ was tested
clinically and mass produced.

A

1940s: Penicillin

73
Q

study of
bacteria.

A

Bacteriology

74
Q

study of fungi

A

Mycology

75
Q

study of
protozoa and parasitic worms.

A

Parasitology

76
Q

study of an organism’s genes,
have provided new tools for
classifying microorganisms

A

Recent advances in genomics

77
Q

study of
immunity. Vaccines and interferons
are being investigated to prevent
and cure viral diseases.

A

Immunology

78
Q

The use of immunology to identify
some bacteria according to
serotypes (variants within a
species) was proposed by ___

A

Rebecca Lancefield in 1933.

79
Q

study of viruses.

A

Virology

80
Q

Recombinant DNA is DNA made
from two different sources. In the
1960s, Paul Berg inserted animal DNA into bacterial DNA and the
bacteria produced an animal
protein.

A
81
Q

involves
microbial genetics and molecular
biology.

A

Recombinant DNA technology, or
genetic engineering,

82
Q

showed that genes
encode a cell’s enzymes
(1942).

A

George Beadle and Edward
Tatum

83
Q

showed that DNA
was the hereditary material
(1944).

A

Oswald Avery, Colin
MacLeod, and Maclyn
McCarty

84
Q

discovered
the role of mRNA in protein
synthesis (1961).

A

Francois Jacob and
Jacques Monod

Bacte (3 decks)

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