Background information

Question 1

Incidence and mortality

Answer 1

Most common cancer in men
2nd leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men
Screening has gotten better in the past 20 years, so decrease in cases and deaths.

Question 2

Risk factors

Answer 2

Age (more T exposure)
AA>W>Asians
Family hx
Female relative with breast CA
Lots of fat and meat intake
Vasectomy
Obesity

Question 3

Loss of PTEN

Answer 3

Androgen- independent prostate cancer cell

Question 4

5-alpha reductase

Answer 4

Converts testosterone to DHT which binds with 10x more affinity to androgen receptor

Question 5

Screening

Answer 5

Not recommended anymore because it doesn’t affect mortality in the long run

Question 6

PSA

Answer 6

Specific to PROSTATE, not prostate cancer (BPH, prostatitis could cause elevations)
Higher tumor volume= higher PSA
>10 highly suspicious for malignancy
>0.35 ng/ml/year highly suspicious if PSA <4

Question 7

Gleason’s Pattern Scale

Answer 7

Sum 2 scores from 2 biopsies to determine tumor grade

Higher the score, the more aggressive the tumor