Background Flashcards
What % of testicular GCTs are NSGCTs?
Risk factors for GCTs:
- Prior personal Hx of GCT
- Positive family Hx
- Cryptorchidism
- Testicular dysgenesis
- Klinefelter syndrome
Name 5 risk factors for GCTs.
Histologic types of NSGCTs:
- Embryonal cell carcinoma
- Choriocarcinoma
- Yolk sac tumor
- Teratoma
- Mixed
Name 5 histologic types of NSGCTs.
Teratomas are classified as either mature or immature depending on whether they contain adult-type differentiated cell types (mature) or partial somatic differentiation similar to that found in a fetus (immature).
In what 2 ways are teratomas classified?
A teratoma with malignant transformation is a teratoma that histologically resembles a somatic cancer, such as an adenocarcinoma or a sarcoma.
What is a teratoma with malignant transformation?
A teratoma with malignant transformation is a teratoma that histologically resembles a somatic cancer, such as an adenocarcinoma or a sarcoma.
How does the presence of a seminoma component influence outcomes in pts with histologically confirmed NSGCTs?
The presence of a seminoma component within a histologically confirmed NSGCT has no major impact on the clinical outcome. Such pts are treated based on the NSGCT algorithm.
What is the median age of presentation for pts with NSGCTs, and how does this compare to the median age of presentation for pts with SGCTs?
The median age of presentation for NSGCTs is 27 yrs vs. age 36 yrs for SGCTs and 33 yrs for mixed tumors.
How does the presence of pure choriocarcinoma affect the prognosis?
Pure choriocarcinoma typically presents with widespread mets and a very high β-HCG and has a poor prognosis. Note that elements of choriocarcinoma are found in 10% of NSGCTs and do not affect the prognosis.
Which histology of NSGCTs is most commonly associated with an elevated AFP?
Yolk sac tumors are composed of cells that produce AFP.
What is the most common GCT histology in childhood?
Yolk sac tumors are the most common histology of GCT in childhood.
