Background Flashcards
1
Q
What causes thyroid ophthalmopathy (TO)?
A
T-cell infiltration of orbital and periorbital tissues (secondary to autoimmune antibody–mediated reaction against the TSH receptor); this thyroid-mediated inflammation then leads to fibroblast proliferation and hypersecretion of glycosaminoglycans causing swelling
2
Q
Name 2 conditions associated with TO.
A
Graves Dz and Hashimoto thyroiditis are both associated with TO.
3
Q
What is the end result of untreated TO?
A
Untreated TO will lead to fibrosis, which develops over the course of 3–5 yrs.
4
Q
What are the signs/Sx of TO?
A
Exophthalmos, impaired extraocular movements/diplopia, periorbital edema, and lid retraction. In severe cases, compression of the optic nerves and decreased visual acuity can occur.
