Background Flashcards
_____ neurons bring information to the CNS
_____ neurons take information from the CNS
Afferent brings information to the CNS
Efferent takes information from the CNS
What does the peripheral nervous system divide into?
The somatic (voulantary) and autonomic (invoulantary)
What does the autonomic NS divide into?
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
What does the cell body of a neuron contain?
The nucleus, golgi, ribosomes, mitocohondria, ER.
What are the neuron specific structures that are present in th cell body and dendrites and what are their role?
Nissl bodies - they are large granular bodies (rough endoplasmic rediculum) composed of RNA and polyribosomes. They allow high rates of protein synthesis
What does the myelin sheith allow and why?
Higher levels of electrical insulation allowing the impulse to travel faster.
What is the term for a projection from the cell body, in the form of either an axon or a dendrite
neurite
What is the term for when 2 bipolar neurites fuse together?
Pseudounipolar
What is the autonomic nervous system in control of?
the viscera (internal organs in main cavities of the body) - smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and the secretory glands.
What is the difference between grey and white matter in terms of it’s composition?
Grey is enriched in nerve cell bodies and White contains a lot of myelinated axons.
What isthe resting potential of neurones?
around -70mV
describe neurological cells (glia)?
non-neuronal cells that maintain homeostasis, form myelin and provide support and protection for neurones.
Which hemispheres is the brain dominated by?
The cerebral (frontal, parietal, temporal and occupital)
What is contained in the
a) Forebrain
b) Midbrain
c) Hindbrain
Forebrain = Cerebrum, thalamus, hypothalamus
Midbrain = Tectum + tementum
Hindbrain = Cerebellum, pons, medulla
What cortex does the frontal lobe contain? What other functions does this lobe control (3/5)?
Primary motor cortex
Movement, speech, planning, reasoning, emotions
What are the functions of the perietal lobe and what cortex does it contain?
Integrates sensory information among various modalities, including spatial awareness, perception and navigation (See proprioception).
It is the main sensory receptive area for the sense of touch
Language processing
primary somatosensory cortex
Which cortex does the occupital lobe contain?
The primary visual cortex
What are the functions of the temporal lobe?
retention of visual memories
processing sensory input
comprehending language
storing new memories
emotion
deriving meaning
What are the 2 cerebral hemispheres seperted by?
the great longditudinal fissure, in which lies the corpus callosum.
What does the brain stem consist of?
The medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain (tectum and tegmentum)
The surface of the cerebral hemisphere consists of cortical grey matter, which is folded into ____ and ____.
Gyri and Sulci
