Back Training Flashcards by Suzanne Wood

The _____ muscles resist anterior shear of the vertebra and control rotation of the vertebra.

Multifidus

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The 2 functional muscle groups of the spine are the _____.

Transversopinalis and erector spinae

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The _____ muscle bridges the spine and the leg.

Iliopsoas

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The iliopsoas shares a reflex neurological relationship with which organ?

Kidney

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Unilateral shortening in the _____ tends to hike up the hip.

Quadratus lumborum

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The _____ muscle bridges the spine to the humerus.

Latissimus dorsi

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When lifting an object from the floor, the first 45 degree of trunk extension is provided by which muscles?

Hamstrings and gluteus maximus

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The abdominal wall has _____ nerve innervations.

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If the external oblique and internal oblique on the same side contract, they will produce _____.

Side flexion

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Tonic muscles tend to _____ and _____.

shorten; tighten

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When shortened, the anterior fibers of the gluteus medius and the tensor fascia latae will restrict which motion at the hip?

External rotation

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When squatting, a plumb line dropped from the end of the bar should _____.

Always stay within the space occupied by the feet at any time during the squat.

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Which muscles below are primarily phasic?

Peroneals, wrist extensors, abdominals

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When the abdominals are deficient, the _____ muscles have to help stabilize the spine.

hamstrings

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The _____ muscles control thoracic curvature.

Spinoscapular

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Which muscles want to pull a load toward you when lifting it from the floor?

Latissimus dorsi

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Increased _____ kyphosis increases the angle in the _____.

thoracic; first rib

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A man with a 16-pound head, that has a forward head posture of 2 inches, has a load of ______ on his _____.

32 pounds; neck extensors

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During a Bent-Over-Row it is important to have complete shoulder ______.

Adduction

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According to Janda, the _____ muscle(s) is the most common site of muscle imbalances in the body.

psoas

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The first _____ degrees of load, going from standing to bending, is primarily controlled by the _____ system.

45; muscular

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It is best to use a rounded back lifting posture when the load is light enough that you can lift it _____ times.

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The knee needs to bend _____% to recruit the ______.

20; gluteus maximus

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The Inner Unit is composed of the _____ muscles.

Diaphragm, Multifidus, posterior fibers of the internal obliques, pelvic floor, transversus abdominis.

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The thoracolumbar fascia is a buffering system to control the transfer of forces from _____ to ____ and vice versa.

muscles; ligaments

If a client draws his/her belly button in, without any load, and it creates pain, he has a _____.

compression pathology

Which exercise below would be the best choice for working the posterior oblique system?

lateral lunge pull with cable.

Pain in the right adductor may shut down the _____.

left external oblique

The lateral system is made up of the _____.

Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, ipsilateral adductors and opposite quadratus lumborum, external and internal obliques

Which system stabilizers the stance leg in gait?

laternal

The _____ system is designed to support the body and buffer shock away fro the joints.

deep longitudinal

When you bend over, functional cause _____ in the _____.

force closure; pelvis

When you bend forward, the lower abdominals rotate the pelvis _____ and this tightens the _____.

posteriorly; sacrotuberous, sacrospinous and sacroiliac ligaments

When a child is born, the first spinal curve he/she develops is the _____.

cervical

Walking too soon as an infant/toddler forces the child to skip the _____ phase of crawling.

mammalian

Inhalation is coupled with _____.

supination

Which exercise would be the best choice for training the vestibular system?

single leg swiss ball lunge

Which system controls righting and tilting reflexes?

vestibular

The most common dysfunction you see from an atlas subluxation is a _____.

lumbo-pelvic sysfunction

The _____ system has the power to override the entire system.

limbic/emotional

You need to place a _____ degrees or larger bend in the knee during the ankle dorsiflexion test to find the end range of the _____.

15; soleus

During the hamstring flexibility test at the knee it is important to place your finger on the _____ vertebra.

During the Sit Reach Test you are looking at _____.

lumbar flexion

More than a _____% difference from left to right in comparative range of motion testing is a cause for concern.

The Hip Adduction Test is assessing the _____.

hip abductors

When you see striation in the _____ (wash boarding) it usually means the vertebra are sliding _____.

Multifidus; forward

If the trunk cannot rotate at least 90 degrees during a swinging motion, such as a tennis racket swing, it will most likely place torque on the _____.

knee

For the Internal and External Hip Rotation Test, direction of rotation is indicated by the ______.

knee

The Standing Side Flexion Test is assessing the flexibility of the _____.

quadratus lumborum

During the Forward Bend Test, structural scoliosis is identified when the client has _____.

a rib hump on one side

When a client's right hip is higher than the left is causes a side bend _____ which is coupled with _____.

right; left rotation of the lumbar spine

The Lumbopelvic Rhythm Test assess _____.

Th relationship between the lumbar spine and the pelvis with regard to forward bending.

Which mobilization is best for integrating the pelvis with the rest of the body?

Feldenkrais Hip and Pelvis Integrator

Feldenkrais mobilizations help _____.

reestablish motor control

Which mobilization is best for clients with disc injuries?

Mckenzie press-up

During the foam roller segmental mobilization you should mobilize the spine _____.

Right on the segment where the client has difficulty extending

The Dynamic Horse Stance mimics the _____ position.

Mammalian crawl

Holding the arm at a _____ degree angle during the horse stance exercise helps activate the ______.

45; lower trapezius

The Supine Hip Extension Feet on Ball exercise is excellent for training the strength and coordination of the _____ of the body.

extensor mechanism

Over pronation in the Supine Hip Extension Back on Ball exercise indicates the client has _____.

weak external hip rotators

Which exercise would be best for back pain clients that have pain when they bend forward?

reverse hyperextension

Which exercise is best for working the stabilizer in the frontal plane?

swiss ball side flexion

The Supine Lateral Ball Roll works which slings of the body?

Anterior oblique; posterior oblique, lateral, deep longitudinal

During the Forward Ball Roll, the contribution from the hips and shoulders should be as follows:

hips and shoulders move equally the same

The best exercise to integrate the core with the lower extremities is the _____.

prone jack knife

Phase two exercises are done predominantly _____.

standing without axial loading

Which exercise is safest for introducing a rotational load to the spine?

3-point single arm row

The single-are bicep curl activates the _____ on the _____ side of the body.

stabilizers; opposite

Which type oof exercises help people move from Phhase one to Phase two exercises?

secondary

A Lat Pull Down with a client who has an injured spine, should be performed in which position?

kneeling

When the pelvis tips forward during the Straight Arm Lat Pull Down it is an indication that the _____ is/are not working properly.

core

The sequence of any cable push or pull exercise is:

weight shift, twist to 90 degrees, push or pull naturally, reciprocity

Adding a reciprocity movement in a pushing or pulling exercise does what to the spine?

reduces rotational torquee

Which exercise is the best choice for preparing someone for the dead lift?

low row

Before someone can perform a reverse wood chop safely, they need to be able to pass the _____ test.

thoracic arm raise

During the wood chop exercise, the _____ works with the _____.

glutes; contralateral

If a client, such as a golfer, has rotational challenges you could have them do the _____ in the opposite direction.

reverse wood chop

During the squat assessment, you are looking for when a client switches from a _____ lifting posture to a _____ lifting posture.

kyphotic; lordotic

Phase three exercises introduce _____.

axial loading beyond body weight

When coming through the sticking point of the squat, it is important to _____.

let the air out through pursed lips

When the pelvis tips forward during a squat, it causes _____.

femoral anteversion

During a back squat, the bar should rest _____.

just above T1 and T2

The rack height of the bar in a squat should be _____.

between the nipple line and collar bone

During the squat, the eyes should be _____.

looking 15 degrees above the horizon

It is important to initiate the squat with the _____.

knees

If the abdominal wall is not activating on command, you could also tell the client to tighten the _____.

rectum

A plumb line dropped between the cheeks of the squatting athletes gluteus Maximus should _____.

always fall an equal distance between the feet at any point in the squat

A Front Squat puts a tremendous amount of work at the _____.

apex of the thoracic curvature

During the Sumo Dead Lift, the bar and the _____ should touch.

shins

Conventional dead lifts tend to put excessive _____ on the body, causing tremendous stress to the _____.

forward lean; SI joint

During the sumo squat, the hips are _____.

adducted

Which assessment do yo use to determine if a client needs blocks for a dead lift?

waiters bow

When lunging forward,, it is important to take a _____ step.

big

During the bent-over-row, the trunk should be at a _____ degree angle.

45-60

During the Bent-Over Row, the knees should be bent _____ degrees to activate the _____.

20; glutes

Spindle cells are responsible for telling the brain about the _____.

length of the muscle

The abdominal wall has _____ nerve innervations.

The nervous system remembers the last _____ rep(s) of an exercise set.

1 (2)

Which types of muscles are postural in nature?

tonic

Most lumbar disc bulges are _____.

posterior