Back To School Terminology

Question 1

proclamation

Answer 1

an official announcement or publicly declared order

Question 2

confederacy

Answer 2

an organization that consists of a number of parties or groups united in an alliance or league

Question 3

Feudal

Answer 3

the dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and the peasants (serfs) lived on their lord’s land and gave him service, labor, and a share of the produce in exchange for military protection.

Question 4

embargo

Answer 4

an official ban on trade or other commercial activity with a particular country.

Question 5

boycott

Answer 5

withdraw from commercial or social relations with (a country, organization, or person) as a
punishment or protest.

Question 6

lassez faire

Answer 6

a political/economic system where there is no regulation of the economy. “Hands-off

Question 7

amendment

Answer 7

changes In, or additions to, a constitution

Question 8

coup d’etat

Answer 8

the sudden overthrow of a government by usually a small group of persons in or previously
in positions of authority

Question 9

domestic policy

Answer 9

dealing with the issues of one’s own country; at home

Question 10

foreign policy

Answer 10

how countries choose to interact with other nations; for trade, security, and diplomacy

Question 11

political party

Answer 11

A supporter or proponent of a party, cause, faction, person, or idea.

Question 12

democracy

Answer 12

a form of government where citizens vote for leaders to represent their interests

Question 13

Veto

Answer 13

the constitutional right of the President to reject a decision or proposal made by a law-making body

Question 14

guerilla warfare

Answer 14

form of unconventional warfare in which a small group of combatants such as armed
civilians or irregulars use military tactics including ambushes, sabotage, raids, petty warfare, hit-and-run tactics, and mobility to fight a larger and less-mobile traditional military.

Question 15

populism

Answer 15

a political program or style focused on the common people, attacking perspectives and policies associated with the well-off.

Question 16

colonialism

Answer 16

the policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country,
occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically

Question 17

imperialism

Answer 17

a policy of extending a country’s power and influence through diplomacy or military force
for economic or strategic purposes.

Question 18

isolationism

Answer 18

a policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, especially the political attairs of other countries

Question 19

import

Answer 19

goods and services that consumers in one country buy from producers in another country

Question 20

export

Answer 20

goods or services produced in one nation but sold to buyers in another nation

Question 21

tariff

Answer 21

tax on foreign goods brought into a country to encourage the sale of domestic rather than foreign products

Question 22

subsidies

Answer 22

a payment made by a government to and individual or business encourage some agricultural or manufacturing activity

Question 23

capitalism/ free market economy

Answer 23

An economy in which private property ownership exists; individuals and companies are allowed to compete for their own economic gain; and individuals in the free market forces determine the prices of goods and services in the market place.

Question 24

communism

Answer 24

economic/political systems theorized by Karl Marx in which the means of producing goods
are owned by the community or the government rather than by private individuals with all people sharing in the work and the goods produced.

Question 25

corporation

Answer 25

An organization of people legally bound together by a charter to conduct some type of business

Question 26

entrepreneur

Answer 26

individual who takes the risk of producing a product for a profit

Question 27

factors of production

Answer 27

resources used by businesses to produce goods and services; natural resources, human capital, capital and entrepreneurship.

Question 28

speculation/speculator

Answer 28

investment in stocks, property, or other ventures in the hope of gain but with the risk of loss

Question 29

monopoly

Answer 29

the exclusive possession and complete control of the supply or trade in a commodity or
service

Question 30

social structure/hierarchy/stratification

Answer 30

the organization of society members where status, power, and money creates divisions and impacts behaviors.

Question 31

culture

Answer 31

the values, beliefs and perceptions of the world that are learned and are shared by members of a community or society, and which they use to interpret experience and to generate behavior, and that are reflected in their own behavior.

Question 32

cultural geography

Answer 32

the study of how people use space and interact with their environment

Question 33

cultural diffusion

Answer 33

the spread of linguistic or cultural practices or innovations (including ideas and beliefs) within a culture or from one culture to another

Question 34

assimilation

Answer 34

the process by which a person or a group’s culture is lost or changed in order to resemble the culture of another group.

Question 35

bigotry

Answer 35

intolerance and prejudice: obstinate and unreasoning attachment to one’s own belief and opinions, with narrow-minded intolerance of belies opposed to then

Question 36

ethnocentrism / Eurocentrism

Answer 36

looking at the world from the perspective of one’s own culture; the attitude or belief that the ways of one’s own culture are the best or only proper ones. Other ways are therefore judged wrong or immoral, not simply different.

Question 37

fundamentalism

Answer 37

strict and literal adherence to a set of basic principles and specific beliefs. Although
many, if not most forms of fundamentalism are religious, by no means are all religious people
fundamentalists. The adherence to certain beliefs seen in fundamentalism is so strong, that the presentation of evidence that contradicts these belies leads to no reassessment of them, on the part of the
fundamentaust.

Question 38

race

Answer 38

an attempt to group people into categories of common genetics or heritage. However, research
supports that societies have a greater impact in defining these categories than biology.

Question 39

segregation

Answer 39

The policy or practice of separating people of different races, classes, or ethnic groups, as in schools, housing, and public or commercial facilities, especially as a form of discrimination

Question 40

disenfranchised

Answer 40

deprived of the rights of citizenship especially the right to vote

Question 41

Agency

Answer 41

Having control over one’s actions or future

Question 42

primary source

Answer 42

original document or artifact that is direct evidence of historical events (e.g., letters,
diaries. maps, drawings, laws, statutes, clothing, newspaper articles).

Question 43

secondary source

Answer 43

summaries and interpretations of original artifacts