Back To Basic Science Flashcards
Definition of matter
Is anything that takes up space.
Measured in kg
Either solid, liquid, gas s made up of atoms
What is volume
15 the amount Of space that matter takes up
What is a solid
Retains a fixed share
Particles closely packed together in a regular structure
Vibrate in a fixed position
Not compressed
What is a liquid
They take up the shape of the container
Closely packed together but no regular arrangement
Vibrates move past each other
Not easily compressed
What is a gas
Take up shape of container they occupy
Particles spread out with particular Arrangement
. Move freely and easily compressed
What is density and what is its units
Density is the amount of mass per unit volume
Describes how closely packed together particles are
Kg/m*3
What is the definition of weight and its units ?
Weight of an object is the force of gravity acting upon its mass
Is the downwards force on an object
Newtons
What is force, the equation and units?
Is a rush, a pull a other action that changes an objects motion
F= m x a m=mass. A-acceleration
Newtons
Definition of work, its equation and units?
Is an expression of the force applied to an object times distance across which it is applied
W=F x d
Joules J
What is energy and the types
Ability to do work
Potential energy= energy that is stored
Kinetic energy= energy being expended
When is there no net charge in an atom
Has same number of protons and electrons they cancel each other out
What is binding energy and how do you measure this
The energy that holds nucleus together
Is a nuclear energy
Is a measure of the amount of energy needed to split the atom
What is the binding energy dependent of
How close elections are to nucleus
Now many protons in nucleus
Closer é to nucleus the stronger this energy is
What is the formula of how much each shell can hold electrons
2n*2. N= number of shells
What are the shell numbers and letters
K =1
L=2
M =3
N=4
O=5
What is ionisation
When an election is removed from its orbit by being struck with an energy greater than the binding energy
Atom turns into an lon
What happens when ionisation occurs in shell near to nucleus
Electrons from outer shells will drop down to fill the inner shell vacancy
A vacancy in the shell causes unstable
What s electromagnetic radiation
Is the energy released when ionisation takes place.
What is conduction and how is it caused and give examples of good conductors
Is heat or electricity transferred through materials
Caused by collisions between tree elections and ions
Metals are the best as have high number of free elections.
Liquids are poor conductors as they have weak forces between particles
What is convection
Occurs when a fluid is heated causing movement of particles in liquids or gases
Cold liquids are more denser so move to the bottom
What is radiation
Is when energy moves from one place to another in a form of waves or particles
Thermal radiation is the only way heat can travel through a vacuum
Explain the mechanism of heat transfer
Conduction - heat transfer through touch
Convection- use sets movement of fluid for heat transfer
Radiation uses electromagnetic waves to transfer heat
What are electromagnetic waves
Is a wave created as a result of vibration between an electric field and a magnetic field
What is ionising radiation
A subatomic particles wit enough energy to break away an electron from an atom causing the atom to become an ion or charged
Gamma rays
X rays
What is non ionising radiation
Low energy radiation that doesn’t have enough energy to remove an electron from an atom
Infrared radiation
Ultrasound light
What are the 7 electromagnetic waves
Radiation
Microwaves
Infrared
Visible light
Ultraviolet
X rays
Game rays. Biggest wavelength. Lowest Bb. frequency
What is the EM spectrum
Is the range of all types of EM radiation
How are em waves composed
By electric and magnetic feilds oscillating
What are elements
A chemical element that cannot be broken down
They are composed of similar atomic numbers
What are isotopes
Are atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
Have the same chemical properties but different physical properties
What is the atomic mass number
Number of protons and neutrons in an atom
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What is atomic number
Number of protons and electrons in an atom
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What is atomic number
Number of protons and electrons in an atom
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