Back, Pectoral, Upper Limb Flashcards
1
Q
Atlas
A
C1, front to back motion of head
2
Q
Axis
A
C2, rotatory movement of the head
3
Q
Vertebral body
A
Largest vertebral structure, most ventral
4
Q
Vertebral foramen
A
Gap surrounded by vertebral body, pedicles, articular processes, lamina
5
Q
Pedicle
A
Vertebral structure that connects articular processes to vertebral body
6
Q
Lamina
A
Vertebral structure that connects articular processes to spinous processes
7
Q
Superior articular process
A
On superior end of vertebrae, between lamina and pedicle
8
Q
Inferior articular process
A
On inferior side of vertebrae, between lamina and pedicle
9
Q
Spinous process
A
Most dorsal process of vertebrae
10
Q
Vertebral arch
A
Includes pedicle and lamina
11
Q
Number of cervical vertebrae
A
7
12
Q
Number of thoracic vertebrae
A
12
13
Q
Number of lumbar vertebrae
A
5
14
Q
Number of sacral vertebrae
A
5
15
Q
Number of coccygeal vertebrae
A
3-5
16
Q
Vertebral prominens
A
C7, most prominent neck vertebrae
17
Q
Major curvatures of the spine
A
Cervical lordosis
Thoracic kyphosis
Lumbar lordosis
Sacral kyphosis
18
Q
Vertebral processes and markers
A
C7- vertebra promenens T3-in line with spines of scapulae T7- bottom of scapulae T12-last rib L4- in line with illiac crests S2- interspinal plane
19
Q
Anterior ramus
A
Spinal nerve, main trunk, innervates trunk and limbs
20
Q
Posterior ramus
A
Spinal nerve, smaller branch, innervates skin and back muscles
21
Q
Posterior rootlets
A
Small nerves converge to form spinal nerve
22
Q
Meningeal branch
A
Branch of spinal nerve that innervates spine itself
23
Q
Posterior root
A
Dorsal root ganglia
24
Q
Sympathetic ganglia
A
Verically-running ganglia that intersect spinal nerves
25
Craniovertebral joints
Atlantooccipital and atlantoaxial joints
26
Uncovertebral joints
Between unincate processes of c3-c7, lateral to iv joints
27
Intervertebral joints
Between vertebral bodies
28
Zygapophyseal joints (facet joints)
Join superior with inferior articular facets
29
Kyphosis
Excessive outward curvature
30
Lordosis
Excessive inward curvature
31
Scoliosis
Lateral curvature
32
Spondylosis
Wear and tear of Iv discs
33
Spondylolisthesis
Displaced vertebrae, slipped disc
34
Whiplash
Severe hyperextension of neck, possibly torn anterior longitudinal ligament
35
Lumbar spinal stenosis
A narrowing of the vertebral foramen in the lumbar region causing nerve inflammation
36
Nucleosis pulposis
Inner portion of IV disc
37
Annulus fibrosis
Outer fibrous portion of IV disc
38
External occipital protuberance
Ridge on the dorsal portion of the occipital bone
39
Acromion of the scapula
Most lateral portion, articulates with humerus
40
Inferior angle of the scapula
Bottom ridge of scapula
41
Superior angle of the scapula
Upper ridge of scapula
42
Iliocostalis
One of the erector spinae, lateral and superficial to longissimus
43
Longissimus
One of erector spinae, superficial and lateral to spinalis, medial and deep to iliocostalis
44
Spinalis
Most medial erector spinae, medial and deep to longissimus
45
Latissimus dorsi
Extrinsic back muscle, joins to lumbar spine facia and humerus
O-t7-l5, thoracolumnar facia, iliac crest
I-intertubercular space of bicep
N-thoracodorsal nerve c5-c7
A-thoracodorsal
46
Posterior superior illiac spine
Medial, superficial spines of illium on dorsum
47
Spine of the scapula
Dorsal-facing spine
48
Median furrow
Medial line of back
49
Foramen magnum
Hole in bottom of skull
50
Superior and inferior nuchal lines
As base of occipital bones where semispinalis attaches
51
Supraspinous fossa
Scapula, concavity above the spine of scapula
52
Infraspinous fossa
Concavity below clavicular spine
53
Mastoid process
Inferior process at bottom of temporal bone
54
Transverse costal facet
Articulates with ribs, only on thoracic vertebrae
55
Vertebral notches
Form the transverse foramina
56
Dens
Tooth-like projection of axis C2
57
Posterior and anterior tubercule
Anterior projections on atlas
58
Posterior arch
Vertebral arch of atlas
59
Groove for vertebral artery
Notch dorsal to left superior articular surface
60
Foramen transverarium
Holes in transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
61
Median sacral crest
Sacral midline with ridges
62
Posterior sacral foramina
2 rows of holes in sacrum
63
Sacral hiatus
Slot at bottom of sacrum, site for epidurals
64
Rhomboid major
Deep to trapezius, connects vertebral arch to scapula. Inferior to the rhomboid minor
O-t2-t5
I-medial border of scapula
N-dorsal scapular nerve c4-5
A-dorsal scapular
65
Rhomboid minor
Deep to trapezius, connects vertebral arch to scapulsa. superior to the rhomboid major.
O-c7-t1
I-medial border of scapula
N-dorsal scapular c4-5
A-deep branch of transverse cervical artery
66
Levator scapulae
Attaches c1-4 to scapula. Deep to trapezius
N-dorsal scapular and cervical nerve c3-5
A-dorsal scapular
67
Triangle of ascultation
Bounded by latissimus dorsi, trapezius, medial border of scapulae/rhomboid major
68
Lumbar triangle
Bounded by latissimus dorsi muscle, external abdominal oblique, and illiac crest
69
Serratus posterior
Attaches bottom 4 ribs to spinal facia, deep to lats and traps
```
Superior
O-c7-t2
I-2nd-5th ribs
N-intercostal
A-intercostal
```
```
Inferior
O-t11-l2
I-9th-12th ribs
N-intercostals
A-intercostals
```
70
Splenius capitis
Most superior neck muscle, attaches occipital/temporal to spine. Superior to splenius cervicus, superficial to semispinalis
O-nuchal ligament and c7-t3
I-mastoid process and occipital bones
N-c3-c5
A-muscular branches of aorta
71
Splenius cervicus
Attaches spine to cranium, inferior to splenius capitus
O-t3-t6
I-c1-c3
N-cervical spinal nerves
A-transverse cervical and occipital
72
Semispinalis capitis
Attaches at nuchal lines, connects to individual ribs
O-c5-t6
I-nuchal lines
N-occipital nerve
A-occipital artery, superior intercostal
73
Semispinalis cervicus
Parallels semispinalis capitis, more medial
O-t1-t6
I-c1-c5
N-cervical nerves
A-deep cervical
74
Jugular notch
Notch at top of manubrium
75
Lateral epichondyle
Outside projection of humerus at elbow joint
76
Styloid process of radius
Lateral projection of radius at wrist
77
Carpal bones
Wrist
78
Xiphisternal junction
Where sternum and xiphoid process meet
79
Acromion
Shoulder joint
80
Cubital fossa
Muscle gap inside elbow
81
Deltoid
Anteriorly connects to clavicle, posteriorly attaches to spine of scapulae, attaches to humerus
O-spine of scapulae, lateral third of clavicle
I-deltoid tuberpsity
N-axillary
A-thoracoacromial, posterior humeral circumflex
82
Olecranon
Divot in ulna that articulates with trochlea of humerus
83
Styloid process of the ulna
Medial projection of ulna at wrist joint
84
Costal margin
Forms bottom edge of rib cage
85
Anterior and posterior axillary folds
Lines formed by pectoralis and lats
86
Biceps brachii
Origin- long head, supraglenoid tubercule of scapulae
Short head, coracoid process of scapulae
Insertions: long head-radial tuberosity
Short head- bicipital aponeurosis
N-musculocutateous
A-brachial
87
Medial epichondyle
Medial protrusion of humerus at olecranon joint
88
Flexor muscle mass of forearm
Anterior wrist muscles involved in wrist flexion
89
Basilic vein
Vein equivalent of brachial artery, more superficial
90
Cephalic vein
Runs under deltoid and down lateral edge of arm
91
Median cubital vein
Branch of basilic vein that converges with cephalic vein at inner elbow
92
Deltopectoral groove
Division between deltoid and pecs
93
Deltopectoral triangle
Bordered by clavicle, lateral border of pecs, medial border of delts
94
Intercostobranchial nerve
Branch of medial cord of brachioplexus that innervates intercostals
95
Medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm
Runs under armpit. Branch of medial cord of brachioplexus. Innervates skin of medial arm
96
Superficial branch of radial nerve
Innervates dorsum of digits and palm
97
Lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm
branch of superficial branch?
| Innervates skin of lateral forarm
98
Brachial fascia
Encloses upper arm
99
Palmar fascia of the hand
Encloses palm
100
Antebrachial fascia
Encloses forearm
101
Dorsal fascia of the hand
Encloses back of hand
102
Infraglenoid tubercule
Tubercule under shoulder joint
103
Coracoid process
Most anterior protrusion of clavicle
104
Surgical neck of humerus
Below tubercules
105
Anatomical neck of humerus
Between head and tubercules
106
Intertubercular sulchus
Groove between tubercules where bicep runs
107
Medial supracondylar ridge
Ridge superior to medial epichondyles
108
Radial groove
Groove along lateral edge of humerus
109
Greater tubercule
Protrusion lateral to head of humerus
110
Deltoid tuberosity epichondyle
Tuberosity on anterior surface where deltoid attaches
111
Capitulum
Round protrusion at olecranon joint distal to lateral epichondyle
112
Lesser tubercule
Anterior protrusion between head and greater tubercule
113
Trochlea
End of humerus that articulates with ulna
114
Head of radius
Proximal end of radius that articulates with capitulum
115
Neck of radius
Between head and radial tuberosity
116
Anterior oblique line
Line from radial tuberosity to styloid process of radius
117
Coronoid process
Most anterior ridge of trochlear notch
118
Trochlear notch
Where ulna articulates with trochlea
119
Radial notch
Part of ulna that articulates with radius
120
Teres major
Origin- inferior angle of scapulae
Insertion- lesser tubercule of humerus
N-lower subscapular nerve c5-6
A-subscapular and circumflex scapular
121
Teres minor
Origin- lateral border of scapulae
Insertion-greater tubercule of humerus
N-axillary c5-6
A-posterior circumflex humeral and circumflex scapular
122
Supraspinatus
Origin- supraspinous fossa of scapulae
Insertion-greater greater tubercule of humerus
N-suprascapular c5-6
A-suprascapular
123
Infraspinatus
Origin- infraspinous fossa of scapulae
Insertion- greater tubercule of humerus
N-suprascapular c5-6
A-suprascapular and circumflex scapular
124
Subscapularis
O-Subscapular fossa
I- lesser tubercule of humerus
N-supscapular nerve c5-c6
A-subscapular
125
Quadrangular space
Superior border- inferior border of teres major
Medial border- long head of triceps bracii
Lateral- surgical neck of humerus
Inferior- superior border- of teres major muscle
Contains- axillary nerve and posterior co
126
Suprascapular artery
Runs through suprascapular notch above transverse scapular ligament
127
Suprascapular nerve
Runs thru suprascapular notch under transverse scapular ligament
128
Pectoralis minor
Deep to pectoralis major
O-3-5 ribs
I-coracoid process
N-medial and lateral pectoral nerve C8
A-pectoral branch of throacoacromial trunk
129
Subclavius
Small muscle between clavicle and 1st rib
O-first rib
I-subclavian groove of clavicle
N-subclavian nerve
A-throacoacromial trunk
130
Serratus anterior
Connects ribs to scapula
O-8-9 ribs
I-medial margin of scapula
N-long thoracic c5-7
A-lateral thoracic artery, superior thoracic artery, thoracodorsal artery.
131
Axillary artery
Artery in armpit that becomes brachial
132
Coracobrachialis
Connects coracoid process to humerus, deep to bicep and pecs
O-coracoid process
I-anteromedial surface of humerus
N-musculocutaneous c5-7
A-brachial
133
Brachialis
Occupies distal half of humerus deep to biceps
O-anterior surface of humerus
I-coracoid process
N-musculocutaneous and radial c5-7
A-radial recurrent, brachial
134
Pronator teres
Attaches to medial humeral supracondylar ridge and ulnar head
Rotates arm
O-medial suprecondylar ridge of humerus, coronoid process of ulna
I-middle of lateral surface of radius
N-median nerve
A-radial and ulnar
135
Transverse humeral ligament
Connects greater and lesser tubercules of humerus, tendon of biceps runs deep to this
136
Bicipital aponeurosis
Tendon that runs transverse to reinforce biceps tendon at olecranon
137
Superior and inferior ulnar collateral artery
Branches of brachial artery that go above and below medial epichondyle and converge to form ulnar recurrent a.
138
Triceps brachii
```
Origin:
Long head-scapula
Medial head- posterior humerus
Lateral head-posterior humerus
Insertion of all-olecranon of ulna
Innervated by radial nerve(c6-c8)
Artery-deep brachial artery, posterior circumflex humeral
```
139
Anconeus
Origin-lateral epichondyle
Insertion- olecranon of ulna
Innervated by radial nerve c6-c8
A-deep brachial, recurrent interosseous
140
Flexor carpi radialis
Origin-medial epichondyle of humerus
I- 2nd and 3rd metacarpal
N-median nerve
A-ulnar nerve
141
Palmaris longis
```
Between flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnaris
O-medial epichondyle of humerus
I-palmar apneurosis
N-median nerve
A-ulnar artery
```
142
Flexor carpi ulnaris
O-medial epichondyle and olecranon
I-pisiform, hook of hamate, 5th metacarpal
Innervated by ulnar n. C7-T1
A-ulnar artery
143
Flexor digitorum superficialis
```
O-medial epichondyle of humerus and anterior border of radius
I-2nd to 5th middle phalanges
Deep to superficial muscles
Innervated by median n. C8-t1
A-ulnar
```
144
Flexor digitorum profundus
O-ulna and interosseous membrane
I-distal phalanges of 2md to 5th digita
N-median, ulnar
A-anterior interosseous
145
Flexor pollicis longus
```
O-midanterior surface of radius
I-distal phalanx of thumb
Innervated by median n c7-8
Deep to intermediate group
N-anterior interosseous
A-anterior interosseous
```
146
Pronator quadratus
```
O-distal quarter of ulna
I-dustal quarter of radius
Inn-median nerve c7-c8
N-median
A-anterior interosseous
```
147
trapezius
O-C7-T12, nuchal ligament, occipital protuberance
I-lateral 1/3 of claviclal, spine of scapula
N-accessory nerve, cervical spinal nerves c3 and c4
A-transverse cervical artery
148
8 Carpal bones
```
Scaphpod
Lunate
Triquetrium
Pisiform
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate
```
149
hook of the hamate
anterior protrusion of hamate
| most lateral carpal bone
150
flexor retinaculum
tendon sheath of palm
151
carpal tunnel
tendon sheath of wrist
```
bounderies:
roof: flexor retinaculum
lateral wall: scaphoid and trapezium
Medial wall: pisciform & hamate
floor: lunate, triquetrum, trapezoid, capitate
```
152
palmaris brevis
O- palmar apneurosis
i- skin of hypothenar eminence
n-ulnar
153
lumbricals
o- tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
i-1st phalanges 1-4
n-1+2, median
3+4, ulnar
154
abductor pollicus brevis
o- scaphoid bone
| i-base of proximal phalanx of thumb
155
flexor pollicus brevis
o-flexor retinaculum and capate and trapezium
i-thumb
n-median and ulnar nerves
156
opponens pollicus
o-trapezium
i-1st metacarpal
n-median
157
adductor pollicis
o-2nd and 3rd metacarpal, capate bone
i-thumb
n-ulnar
158
abductor digiti minimi
o-pisiform bone
i-5th proximal phalanx
n-ulnar
159
palmar interosseous muscles
o-2nd, 4th, 5th metacarpal
i-proximal phalanx
n-ulnar
160
dorsal interosseous
o-all metacarpals
i-2nd thru 5th digits
n-ulnar
161
contents of carpal tunnel
```
median nerve
4 tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis
4 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
tendon of flexor pollicis longus
two synovial sheaths
```
162
anatomic snuffbox
borders:
abductor pollicis longus & extensor pollicis brevis tendons
Extensor pollicis longus tendon
