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Anatomy B1 > Back, Pectoral, Upper Limb > Flashcards

Back, Pectoral, Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

Atlas

A

C1, front to back motion of head

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2
Q

Axis

A

C2, rotatory movement of the head

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3
Q

Vertebral body

A

Largest vertebral structure, most ventral

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4
Q

Vertebral foramen

A

Gap surrounded by vertebral body, pedicles, articular processes, lamina

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5
Q

Pedicle

A

Vertebral structure that connects articular processes to vertebral body

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6
Q

Lamina

A

Vertebral structure that connects articular processes to spinous processes

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7
Q

Superior articular process

A

On superior end of vertebrae, between lamina and pedicle

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8
Q

Inferior articular process

A

On inferior side of vertebrae, between lamina and pedicle

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9
Q

Spinous process

A

Most dorsal process of vertebrae

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10
Q

Vertebral arch

A

Includes pedicle and lamina

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11
Q

Number of cervical vertebrae

A

7

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12
Q

Number of thoracic vertebrae

A

12

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13
Q

Number of lumbar vertebrae

A

5

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14
Q

Number of sacral vertebrae

A

5

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15
Q

Number of coccygeal vertebrae

A

3-5

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16
Q

Vertebral prominens

A

C7, most prominent neck vertebrae

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17
Q

Major curvatures of the spine

A

Cervical lordosis
Thoracic kyphosis
Lumbar lordosis
Sacral kyphosis

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18
Q

Vertebral processes and markers

A 
C7- vertebra promenens
T3-in line with spines of scapulae
T7- bottom of scapulae
T12-last rib
L4- in line with illiac crests
S2- interspinal plane
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19
Q

Anterior ramus

A

Spinal nerve, main trunk, innervates trunk and limbs

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20
Q

Posterior ramus

A

Spinal nerve, smaller branch, innervates skin and back muscles

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21
Q

Posterior rootlets

A

Small nerves converge to form spinal nerve

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22
Q

Meningeal branch

A

Branch of spinal nerve that innervates spine itself

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23
Q

Posterior root

A

Dorsal root ganglia

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24
Q

Sympathetic ganglia

A

Verically-running ganglia that intersect spinal nerves

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25
Q

Craniovertebral joints

A

Atlantooccipital and atlantoaxial joints

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26
Q

Uncovertebral joints

A

Between unincate processes of c3-c7, lateral to iv joints

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27
Q

Intervertebral joints

A

Between vertebral bodies

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28
Q

Zygapophyseal joints (facet joints)

A

Join superior with inferior articular facets

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29
Q

Kyphosis

A

Excessive outward curvature

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30
Q

Lordosis

A

Excessive inward curvature

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31
Q

Scoliosis

A

Lateral curvature

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32
Q

Spondylosis

A

Wear and tear of Iv discs

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33
Q

Spondylolisthesis

A

Displaced vertebrae, slipped disc

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34
Q

Whiplash

A

Severe hyperextension of neck, possibly torn anterior longitudinal ligament

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35
Q

Lumbar spinal stenosis

A

A narrowing of the vertebral foramen in the lumbar region causing nerve inflammation

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36
Q

Nucleosis pulposis

A

Inner portion of IV disc

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37
Q

Annulus fibrosis

A

Outer fibrous portion of IV disc

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38
Q

External occipital protuberance

A

Ridge on the dorsal portion of the occipital bone

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39
Q

Acromion of the scapula

A

Most lateral portion, articulates with humerus

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40
Q

Inferior angle of the scapula

A

Bottom ridge of scapula

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41
Q

Superior angle of the scapula

A

Upper ridge of scapula

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42
Q

Iliocostalis

A

One of the erector spinae, lateral and superficial to longissimus

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43
Q

Longissimus

A

One of erector spinae, superficial and lateral to spinalis, medial and deep to iliocostalis

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44
Q

Spinalis

A

Most medial erector spinae, medial and deep to longissimus

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45
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

Extrinsic back muscle, joins to lumbar spine facia and humerus

O-t7-l5, thoracolumnar facia, iliac crest
I-intertubercular space of bicep
N-thoracodorsal nerve c5-c7
A-thoracodorsal

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46
Q

Posterior superior illiac spine

A

Medial, superficial spines of illium on dorsum

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47
Q

Spine of the scapula

A

Dorsal-facing spine

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48
Q

Median furrow

A

Medial line of back

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49
Q

Foramen magnum

A

Hole in bottom of skull

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50
Q

Superior and inferior nuchal lines

A

As base of occipital bones where semispinalis attaches

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51
Q

Supraspinous fossa

A

Scapula, concavity above the spine of scapula

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52
Q

Infraspinous fossa

A

Concavity below clavicular spine

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53
Q

Mastoid process

A

Inferior process at bottom of temporal bone

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54
Q

Transverse costal facet

A

Articulates with ribs, only on thoracic vertebrae

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55
Q

Vertebral notches

A

Form the transverse foramina

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56
Q

Dens

A

Tooth-like projection of axis C2

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57
Q

Posterior and anterior tubercule

A

Anterior projections on atlas

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58
Q

Posterior arch

A

Vertebral arch of atlas

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59
Q

Groove for vertebral artery

A

Notch dorsal to left superior articular surface

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60
Q

Foramen transverarium

A

Holes in transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

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61
Q

Median sacral crest

A

Sacral midline with ridges

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62
Q

Posterior sacral foramina

A

2 rows of holes in sacrum

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63
Q

Sacral hiatus

A

Slot at bottom of sacrum, site for epidurals

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64
Q

Rhomboid major

A

Deep to trapezius, connects vertebral arch to scapula. Inferior to the rhomboid minor

O-t2-t5
I-medial border of scapula
N-dorsal scapular nerve c4-5
A-dorsal scapular

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65
Q

Rhomboid minor

A

Deep to trapezius, connects vertebral arch to scapulsa. superior to the rhomboid major.

O-c7-t1
I-medial border of scapula
N-dorsal scapular c4-5
A-deep branch of transverse cervical artery

66
Q

Levator scapulae

A

Attaches c1-4 to scapula. Deep to trapezius
N-dorsal scapular and cervical nerve c3-5
A-dorsal scapular

67
Q

Triangle of ascultation

A

Bounded by latissimus dorsi, trapezius, medial border of scapulae/rhomboid major

68
Q

Lumbar triangle

A

Bounded by latissimus dorsi muscle, external abdominal oblique, and illiac crest

69
Q

Serratus posterior

A

Attaches bottom 4 ribs to spinal facia, deep to lats and traps

Superior
O-c7-t2
I-2nd-5th ribs
N-intercostal
A-intercostal
Inferior
O-t11-l2
I-9th-12th ribs
N-intercostals
A-intercostals
70
Q

Splenius capitis

A

Most superior neck muscle, attaches occipital/temporal to spine. Superior to splenius cervicus, superficial to semispinalis

O-nuchal ligament and c7-t3
I-mastoid process and occipital bones
N-c3-c5
A-muscular branches of aorta

71
Q

Splenius cervicus

A

Attaches spine to cranium, inferior to splenius capitus

O-t3-t6
I-c1-c3
N-cervical spinal nerves
A-transverse cervical and occipital

72
Q

Semispinalis capitis

A

Attaches at nuchal lines, connects to individual ribs

O-c5-t6
I-nuchal lines
N-occipital nerve
A-occipital artery, superior intercostal

73
Q

Semispinalis cervicus

A

Parallels semispinalis capitis, more medial

O-t1-t6
I-c1-c5
N-cervical nerves
A-deep cervical

74
Q

Jugular notch

A

Notch at top of manubrium

75
Q

Lateral epichondyle

A

Outside projection of humerus at elbow joint

76
Q

Styloid process of radius

A

Lateral projection of radius at wrist

77
Q

Carpal bones

A

Wrist

78
Q

Xiphisternal junction

A

Where sternum and xiphoid process meet

79
Q

Acromion

A

Shoulder joint

80
Q

Cubital fossa

A

Muscle gap inside elbow

81
Q

Deltoid

A

Anteriorly connects to clavicle, posteriorly attaches to spine of scapulae, attaches to humerus

O-spine of scapulae, lateral third of clavicle
I-deltoid tuberpsity
N-axillary
A-thoracoacromial, posterior humeral circumflex

82
Q

Olecranon

A

Divot in ulna that articulates with trochlea of humerus

83
Q

Styloid process of the ulna

A

Medial projection of ulna at wrist joint

84
Q

Costal margin

A

Forms bottom edge of rib cage

85
Q

Anterior and posterior axillary folds

A

Lines formed by pectoralis and lats

86
Q

Biceps brachii

A

Origin- long head, supraglenoid tubercule of scapulae
Short head, coracoid process of scapulae

Insertions: long head-radial tuberosity
Short head- bicipital aponeurosis

N-musculocutateous
A-brachial

87
Q

Medial epichondyle

A

Medial protrusion of humerus at olecranon joint

88
Q

Flexor muscle mass of forearm

A

Anterior wrist muscles involved in wrist flexion

89
Q

Basilic vein

A

Vein equivalent of brachial artery, more superficial

90
Q

Cephalic vein

A

Runs under deltoid and down lateral edge of arm

91
Q

Median cubital vein

A

Branch of basilic vein that converges with cephalic vein at inner elbow

92
Q

Deltopectoral groove

A

Division between deltoid and pecs

93
Q

Deltopectoral triangle

A

Bordered by clavicle, lateral border of pecs, medial border of delts

94
Q

Intercostobranchial nerve

A

Branch of medial cord of brachioplexus that innervates intercostals

95
Q

Medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm

A

Runs under armpit. Branch of medial cord of brachioplexus. Innervates skin of medial arm

96
Q

Superficial branch of radial nerve

A

Innervates dorsum of digits and palm

97
Q

Lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm

A

branch of superficial branch?

Innervates skin of lateral forarm

98
Q

Brachial fascia

A

Encloses upper arm

99
Q

Palmar fascia of the hand

A

Encloses palm

100
Q

Antebrachial fascia

A

Encloses forearm

101
Q

Dorsal fascia of the hand

A

Encloses back of hand

102
Q

Infraglenoid tubercule

A

Tubercule under shoulder joint

103
Q

Coracoid process

A

Most anterior protrusion of clavicle

104
Q

Surgical neck of humerus

A

Below tubercules

105
Q

Anatomical neck of humerus

A

Between head and tubercules

106
Q

Intertubercular sulchus

A

Groove between tubercules where bicep runs

107
Q

Medial supracondylar ridge

A

Ridge superior to medial epichondyles

108
Q

Radial groove

A

Groove along lateral edge of humerus

109
Q

Greater tubercule

A

Protrusion lateral to head of humerus

110
Q

Deltoid tuberosity epichondyle

A

Tuberosity on anterior surface where deltoid attaches

111
Q

Capitulum

A

Round protrusion at olecranon joint distal to lateral epichondyle

112
Q

Lesser tubercule

A

Anterior protrusion between head and greater tubercule

113
Q

Trochlea

A

End of humerus that articulates with ulna

114
Q

Head of radius

A

Proximal end of radius that articulates with capitulum

115
Q

Neck of radius

A

Between head and radial tuberosity

116
Q

Anterior oblique line

A

Line from radial tuberosity to styloid process of radius

117
Q

Coronoid process

A

Most anterior ridge of trochlear notch

118
Q

Trochlear notch

A

Where ulna articulates with trochlea

119
Q

Radial notch

A

Part of ulna that articulates with radius

120
Q

Teres major

A

Origin- inferior angle of scapulae
Insertion- lesser tubercule of humerus
N-lower subscapular nerve c5-6
A-subscapular and circumflex scapular

121
Q

Teres minor

A

Origin- lateral border of scapulae
Insertion-greater tubercule of humerus
N-axillary c5-6
A-posterior circumflex humeral and circumflex scapular

122
Q

Supraspinatus

A

Origin- supraspinous fossa of scapulae
Insertion-greater greater tubercule of humerus
N-suprascapular c5-6
A-suprascapular

123
Q

Infraspinatus

A

Origin- infraspinous fossa of scapulae
Insertion- greater tubercule of humerus
N-suprascapular c5-6
A-suprascapular and circumflex scapular

124
Q

Subscapularis

A

O-Subscapular fossa
I- lesser tubercule of humerus
N-supscapular nerve c5-c6
A-subscapular

125
Q

Quadrangular space

A

Superior border- inferior border of teres major
Medial border- long head of triceps bracii
Lateral- surgical neck of humerus
Inferior- superior border- of teres major muscle

Contains- axillary nerve and posterior co

126
Q

Suprascapular artery

A

Runs through suprascapular notch above transverse scapular ligament

127
Q

Suprascapular nerve

A

Runs thru suprascapular notch under transverse scapular ligament

128
Q

Pectoralis minor

A

Deep to pectoralis major

O-3-5 ribs
I-coracoid process
N-medial and lateral pectoral nerve C8
A-pectoral branch of throacoacromial trunk

129
Q

Subclavius

A

Small muscle between clavicle and 1st rib

O-first rib
I-subclavian groove of clavicle
N-subclavian nerve
A-throacoacromial trunk

130
Q

Serratus anterior

A

Connects ribs to scapula

O-8-9 ribs
I-medial margin of scapula
N-long thoracic c5-7
A-lateral thoracic artery, superior thoracic artery, thoracodorsal artery.

131
Q

Axillary artery

A

Artery in armpit that becomes brachial

132
Q

Coracobrachialis

A

Connects coracoid process to humerus, deep to bicep and pecs

O-coracoid process
I-anteromedial surface of humerus
N-musculocutaneous c5-7
A-brachial

133
Q

Brachialis

A

Occupies distal half of humerus deep to biceps

O-anterior surface of humerus
I-coracoid process
N-musculocutaneous and radial c5-7
A-radial recurrent, brachial

134
Q

Pronator teres

A

Attaches to medial humeral supracondylar ridge and ulnar head

Rotates arm

O-medial suprecondylar ridge of humerus, coronoid process of ulna
I-middle of lateral surface of radius
N-median nerve
A-radial and ulnar

135
Q

Transverse humeral ligament

A

Connects greater and lesser tubercules of humerus, tendon of biceps runs deep to this

136
Q

Bicipital aponeurosis

A

Tendon that runs transverse to reinforce biceps tendon at olecranon

137
Q

Superior and inferior ulnar collateral artery

A

Branches of brachial artery that go above and below medial epichondyle and converge to form ulnar recurrent a.

138
Q

Triceps brachii

A 
Origin:
Long head-scapula
Medial head- posterior humerus
Lateral head-posterior humerus
Insertion of all-olecranon of ulna
Innervated by radial nerve(c6-c8)
Artery-deep brachial artery, posterior circumflex humeral
139
Q

Anconeus

A

Origin-lateral epichondyle
Insertion- olecranon of ulna
Innervated by radial nerve c6-c8
A-deep brachial, recurrent interosseous

140
Q

Flexor carpi radialis

A

Origin-medial epichondyle of humerus
I- 2nd and 3rd metacarpal
N-median nerve
A-ulnar nerve

141
Q

Palmaris longis

A 
Between flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnaris
O-medial epichondyle of humerus
I-palmar apneurosis 
N-median nerve 
A-ulnar artery
142
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris

A

O-medial epichondyle and olecranon
I-pisiform, hook of hamate, 5th metacarpal
Innervated by ulnar n. C7-T1
A-ulnar artery

143
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis

A 
O-medial epichondyle of humerus and anterior border of radius
I-2nd to 5th middle phalanges
Deep to superficial muscles
Innervated by median n. C8-t1
A-ulnar
144
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus

A

O-ulna and interosseous membrane
I-distal phalanges of 2md to 5th digita
N-median, ulnar
A-anterior interosseous

145
Q

Flexor pollicis longus

A 
O-midanterior surface of radius
I-distal phalanx of thumb
Innervated by median n c7-8
Deep to intermediate group
N-anterior interosseous
A-anterior interosseous
146
Q

Pronator quadratus

A 
O-distal quarter of ulna
I-dustal quarter of radius
Inn-median nerve c7-c8
N-median 
A-anterior interosseous
147
Q

trapezius

A

O-C7-T12, nuchal ligament, occipital protuberance
I-lateral 1/3 of claviclal, spine of scapula
N-accessory nerve, cervical spinal nerves c3 and c4
A-transverse cervical artery

148
Q

8 Carpal bones

A 
Scaphpod
Lunate
Triquetrium
Pisiform
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate
149
Q

hook of the hamate

A

anterior protrusion of hamate

most lateral carpal bone

150
Q

flexor retinaculum

A

tendon sheath of palm

151
Q

carpal tunnel

A

tendon sheath of wrist

bounderies:
roof: flexor retinaculum
lateral wall: scaphoid and trapezium
Medial wall: pisciform & hamate
floor: lunate, triquetrum, trapezoid, capitate
152
Q

palmaris brevis

A

O- palmar apneurosis
i- skin of hypothenar eminence
n-ulnar

153
Q

lumbricals

A

o- tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
i-1st phalanges 1-4
n-1+2, median
3+4, ulnar

154
Q

abductor pollicus brevis

A

o- scaphoid bone

i-base of proximal phalanx of thumb

155
Q

flexor pollicus brevis

A

o-flexor retinaculum and capate and trapezium
i-thumb
n-median and ulnar nerves

156
Q

opponens pollicus

A

o-trapezium
i-1st metacarpal
n-median

157
Q

adductor pollicis

A

o-2nd and 3rd metacarpal, capate bone
i-thumb
n-ulnar

158
Q

abductor digiti minimi

A

o-pisiform bone
i-5th proximal phalanx
n-ulnar

159
Q

palmar interosseous muscles

A

o-2nd, 4th, 5th metacarpal
i-proximal phalanx
n-ulnar

160
Q

dorsal interosseous

A

o-all metacarpals
i-2nd thru 5th digits
n-ulnar

161
Q

contents of carpal tunnel

A 
median nerve
4 tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis
4 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
tendon of flexor pollicis longus
two synovial sheaths
162
Q

anatomic snuffbox

A

borders:
abductor pollicis longus & extensor pollicis brevis tendons
Extensor pollicis longus tendon

Anatomy B1 (2 decks)

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