Back Overview Flashcards
superficial muscles of the back
what movement are the superficial back muscles associated with
movement of the shoulder
what is the attachments and innervation of the trapezius
Originates from the skull, ligamentum nuchae and the spinous processes of C7-T12. The fibres attach to the clavicle, acromion and the scapula spine.
innervated by CNXI
what are the erector spinae muscles
what is the action of the erector spinae muscles
flex and extend the vertebral column
extend the head
how many verterbae are there
33 in total
7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral - fused
4 coccygeal
C7
first palpable vertebrae
also called vertebrae prominens
what are the normal curves of the back
abnormal curvatures of the back
excessive thoracic kyphosis
excessive lumbar lordosis
how do the cervical vertebrae differ
triangular vertebral foramen
bifid spinous process
transverse foramina
what is the function of the atlanto-occipital joint
nodding head - yes
what is the function of the atlanto-axial joint
shaking head - no
odontoid process
found on the axis (C2)
what goes through the transverse foramen in the cervical vertebrae
vertebral artery
what facets do the thoracic vertebrae have
demi facet - articulate with head of the rib
costal facet - articulate with tubercule of rib
what type of joints are intervertebral ones
2y cartilaginous
what type of joints are facet joints
synovial
what regions of the spine do flexion adn extension involve
cervical and lumbar
what regions of the vertebrae does lateral flexion involve
cervical and lumbar regions
what are the ligaments of the verterbal column
what does the ligamentum flavum extend between
lamina
what do the interspinous and supraspinous ligaments do
join spinous processes together
do the anterior or posterior rami of the spinal nerves form plexuses
anterior
where does the spinal cord end
L2 - cauda equina comes off
where does the spinal cord begin
foramen magnum
name the spinal cord meninges from internal to external
pia mater
arachnoid mater
dura mater
where is the subarachnoid space
betweewn the pia mater and arachnoid space
where does one lumbar puncture
feel along topof iliac crests - L4
find L3/4 or L4/5 space
what is the vertebral level of the top of the iliac crests
L4
where does lumbar puncture take fluid from
subarachnoid space
