Back Muscles Flashcards
Trapezius M. : Origin
- Medial 1/3 of the superior nuchal line
- External occipital protuberance
- Nuchal L.
- Spinous processes C7-T12
Trapezius M. : Insertion
- Lateral 1/3 of clavicle
- Acromion
- Scapular spine
Trapezius M. : Action
Whole Muscle:
- Retract the scapula
- Rotate the glenoid cavity superiorly
Superior Part:
- Elevate scapula
Inferior Part:
- Depress scapula
With scapula fixed:
- Extend neck (bilaterally)
- Laterally flex neck (unilaterally)
- Rotate face away (unilaterally)
Trapezius M. : Innervation
Spinal Accessory N.
Latissimus Dorsi M. : Origin
- Spinous processes T6-L5
- Ribs 9-12
- Iliac crest
- Median sacral crest via thoracolumbar fascia
Latissimus Dorsi M. : Insertion
Floor of humeral intertubercular groove
Latissimus Dorsi M. : Action
- Extend humerus
- Adduct humerus
- Medially rotate humerus
- Rotate glenoid cavity inferiorly
Latissimus Dorsi M. : Innervation
Thoracodorsal N.
Rhomboid Major M. : Origin
Spinous processes T2-T5
Rhomboid Major M. : Insertion
Medial border of scapula (inferior to scapular spine)
Rhomboid Major M. : Action
- Retract scapula
- Elevate scapula
- Rotate the glenoid cavity inferiorly
Rhomboid Major M. : Innervation
Dorsal Scapular N.
Rhomboid Minor M. : Origin
Spinous processes C7, T1
Rhomboid Minor M. : Insertion
Medial border of scapula (at the scapular spine)
Rhomboid Minor M. : Action
- Retract scapula
- Elevate scapula
- Rotate the glenoid cavity inferiorly
Rhomboid Minor M. : Innervation
Dorsal Scapular N.
Levator Scapulae M. : Origin
Posterior tubercles of transverse processes C1-C4
Levator Scapulae M. : Insertion
Medial border of scapula (superior to scapular spine)
Levator Scapulae M. : Action
- Retract scapula
- Elevate scapula
- Rotate the glenoid cavity inferiorly
With scapula fixed:
- Extend the neck (bilaterally)
- Laterally flex the neck (unilaterally)
Levator Scapulae M. : Innervation
Dorsal Scapular N.
Serratus Posterior Superior M. : Insertion
Superior surfaces of ribs 2-5
Serratus Posterior Superior M. : Action
- Elevate the ribs during forced inspiration
- Proprioception
Serratus Posterior Superior M. : Innervation
Intercostal NN. (2-5)
Serratus Posterior Inferior M. : Insertion
Inferior surfaces of ribs 8-12
Serratus Posterior Inferior M. : Action
- Depress the ribs during forced expiration
- Proprioception
Serratus Posterior Inferior M. : Innervation
Anterior rami of T9-12
Splenius Capitis M. : Insertion
- Mastoid process temporal b.
- Lateral 1/3 of superior nuchal line
- Occipital b.
Splenius Capitis M. : Action
- Extend the neck (bilaterally)
- Laterally flex the neck (unilaterally)
- Rotate the face toward (unilaterally)
Splenius Capitis M. : Innervation
Posterior rami C3-C5
Splenius Cervicis M. : Insertion
Transverse processes C1-C3/C4
Splenius Cervicis M. : Action
- Extend the neck (bilaterally)
- Laterally flex the neck (unilaterally)
- Rotate the face toward (unilaterally)
Splenius Cervicis M. : Innervation
Posterior rami C5-C7
Illiocostalis Lumborum M. : Insertion
Costal angles ribs 7-12
Illiocostalis Lumborum M. : Action
- Maintain erect posture (bilaterally)
- Extend the vertebral column (bilaterally)
- Laterally flex the vertebral column (unilaterally)
Illiocostalis Lumborum M. : Innervation
Posterior rami of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal N.
Illiocostalis Thoracis M. : Insertion
- Costal angles ribs 1-6
- Transverse process C7
Illiocostalis Thoracis M. : Action
- Maintain erect posture (bilaterally)
- Extend the vertebral column (bilaterally)
- Laterally flex the vertebral column (unilaterally)
Illiocostalis Thoracis M. : Innervation
Posterior rami of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal N.
Illiocostalis Cervicis M. : Insertion
- Posterior tubercles of transverse processes C4-C6
Illiocostalis Cervicis M. : Action
- Extend the neck (bilaterally)
- Laterally flex the neck (unilaterally)
Illiocostalis Cervicis M. : Innervation
Posterior rami of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal N.
Longissimus Thoracis M. : Insertion
Ribs 3-12 between costal tubercle and costal angle
Longissimus Thoracis M. : Action
- Maintain erect posture (bilaterally)
- Extend the vertebral column (bilaterally)
- Laterally flex the vertebral column (unilaterally)
Longissimus Thoracis M. : Innervation
Posterior rami of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal NN.
Longissimus Cervicis M. : Insertion
- Posterior tubercles of transverse processes C2-C6
- Articular processes C2-C6
Longissimus Cervicis M. : Action
- Extend the neck (bilaterally)
- Laterally flex the neck (unilaterally)
Longissimus Cervicis M.: Innervation
Posterior rami of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal NN.
Longissimus Capitis M.: Insertion
Mastoid process of temporal b.
Longissimus Capitis M. : Action
- Extend the neck (bilaterally)
- Laterally flex the neck (unilaterally)
Longissimus Capitis M. : Innervation
Posterior rami of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal NN.
Spinalis Thoracis M. : Insertion
Spinous processes T1-T8
Spinalis Thoracis M. : Action
- Maintain erect posture (bilaterally)
- Extend the vertebral column (bilaterally)
- Laterally flex the vertebral column (unilaterally)
Spinalis Thoracis M. : Innervation
Posterior rami of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal NN.
Spinalis Cervicis M. : Insertion
Spinous process T2
Spinalis Cervicis M. : Action
- Extend the neck (bilaterally)
- Laterally flex the neck (unilaterally)
Spinalis Cervicis M. : Innervation
Posterior rami of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal NN.
Spinalis Capitis M. : Insertion
Usually blends in with semispinalis capitis m.
Spinalis Capitis M. : Action
- Extend the neck (bilaterally)
- Laterally flex the neck (unilaterally)
Spinalis Capitis M. : Innervation
Posterior rami of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal NN.
Semispinalis Capitis M. : Insertion
Between superior and inferior nuchal lines on occipital b.
Semispinalis Capitis M. : Action
- Extend head
- Rotate face away
Semispinalis Capitis M. : Innervation
Posterior rami of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal NN.
Semispinalis Cervicis M. : Insertion
Spinous processes C2-C5
Semispinalis Cervicis M. : Action
- Extend spine
- Rotate spine away
Semispinalis Cervicis M. : Innervation
Posterior rami of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal NN.
Semispinalis Thoracis M. : Insertion
Spinous processes C6-T4
Semispinalis Thoracis M. : Action
- Extend spine
- Rotate spine away
Semispinalis Thoracis M. : Innervation
Posterior rami of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal NN.
Multifidus MM. (Lumborum, Thoracis, Cervicis): Insertion
Spinous processes 3-4 segments superiorly; does not insert on atlas
Multifidus MM. (Lumborum, Thoracis, Cervicis): Action
- Extend spine
- Rotate spine away
Multifidus MM. (Lumborum, Thoracis, Cervicis): Innervation
Posterior rami of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal NN.
Rotatores Longus MM. (Lumborum, Thoracis, Cervicis): Insertion
Roots of spinous processes 2 segments superiorly
Rotatores Longus MM. (Lumborum, Thoracis, Cervicis): Action
- Extend spine away
- Rotate spine away
- Proprioception
Rotatores Longus MM. (Lumborum, Thoracis, Cervicis): Innervation
Posterior rami of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal NN.
Rotatores Brevis MM. (Lumborum, Thoracis, Cervicis): Insertion
Roots of adjacent spinous processes
Rotatores Brevis MM. (Lumborum, Thoracis, Cervicis): Action
- Extend spine away
- Rotate spine away
- Proprioception
Rotatores Brevis MM. (Lumborum, Thoracis, Cervicis): Innervation
Posterior rami of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal NN.
Interspinalis M. : Insertion
Adjacent spinous process
Interspinalis M. : Action
Extend spine
Interspinalis M. : Innervation
Suboccipital N. (posterior ramus 1st cervical spinal N.)
Intertransversarii M. : Insertion
Adjacent transverse processes
Intertransversarii M. : Action
Laterally flex spine
Intertransversarii M. : Innervation
Suboccipital N. (posterior ramus 1st cervical spinal N.)
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major M. : Insertion
Lateral aspect inferior nuchal line
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major M. : Action
- Extend head
- Rotate the face toward
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major M. : Innervation
Suboccipital N. (posterior ramus 1st cervical spinal N.)
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor M. : Insertion
Inferior to inferior nuchal line
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor M. : Action
Extend head
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor M. : Innervation
Suboccipital N. (posterior ramus 1st cervical spinal N.)
Obliquus Capitis Superior M. : Insertion
Between superior and inferior nuchal lines
Obliquus Capitis Superior M. : Action
- Extend head
- Laterally flex head
Obliquus Capitis Superior M. : Innervation
Suboccipital N. (posterior ramus 1st cervical spinal N.)
Obliquus Capitis Inferior M. : Insertion
Transverse process atlas (C1)
Obliquus Capitis Inferior M. : Action
Rotate the face toward
Obliquus Capitis Inferior M. : Innervation
Suboccipital N. (posterior ramus 1st cervical spinal N.)