Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Med School > Back - Dr. Johnson > Flashcards

Back - Dr. Johnson Flashcards

1
Q

What structure is located at the base of the neck and often palpated to assess for fractures?

A

Clavicle

Clinical Note: Often checked in physical exams for fractures or deformities due to its prominence and location.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which back muscle attaches unusually to the anterior humerus?

A

Latissimus dorsi

Clinical Correlate: Unique anterior attachment, essential for shoulder and arm movements.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What muscle group is primarily innervated by spinal nerves and essential for diagnosing nerve root injuries?

A

intrinsic back muscles

Clinical Note: Used in assessing nerve root injuries through specific muscle weakness patterns.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which cervical vertebra lacks a spinous process?

A

Atlas (C1)

Clinical Correlate: Known for its unique structure, allows for head rotation and lacks a spinous process.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What arteries provide critical blood supply to the spinal segment?

A

Radicular arteries

Clinical Note: Important for spinal cord perfusion; involvement can indicate spinal ischemia risk.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

I’m located at the base of the neck and break easier than a Kit-Kat bar.

A

Clavicle

Often checked in physical exams for fractures or deformities due to its prominence and location.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which back muscle is a bit of an oddball, attaching to the front of your arm?

A

Latissimus dorsi - Attaches anteriorly to the humerus, essential for shoulder movement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which muscle group has the nerve (literally!) to show root injuries?

A

Myotomes - Useful for diagnosing nerve root injuries via specific muscle weakness patterns.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which vertebra would you trust to rotate your head but not hold up a hat?

A

Atlas (C1) - Allows head rotation and lacks a spinous process, distinct among cervical vertebrae.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

I’m the underappreciated blood supplier of the spine. Who am I?

A

Radicular arteries

Vital for spinal cord blood supply, implicated in spinal ischemia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Who am I? Big, cartilaginous, and looking out for your vocal cords.

A

Thyroid cartilage - Known as the Adam’s apple, especially prominent in males, protects vocal cords.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The strongest back muscle with a soft spot: attaches to the front side.

A

Latissimus dorsi - Exceptionally attaches to the anterior humerus, unlike most back muscles, crucial in shoulder extension.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What structure, when broken, is a tell-tale sign of physical trauma in the neck area?

A

Clavicle - Often fractured in falls or direct impacts; key indicator in trauma assessments.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

If I’m found near the larynx and feel like a shield, what am I?

A

Thyroid cartilage - Prominent structure that serves as a protective shield for the vocal cords.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What neck structure often feels like a fragile rod and breaks easily in accidents?

A

Clavicle - Frequently fractured; vital in assessing trauma due to its prominence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name the back muscle that’s surprisingly shy, attaching at the front of the humerus.

A

Latissimus dorsi - Uniquely attaches to anterior humerus; aids in shoulder movements like extension and adduction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What spinal structure would you call if you needed support for head turning?

A

Atlas (C1) - Unique for lacking a spinous process, pivotal in head rotation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which arterial supply to the spine deserves more love for keeping the spinal cord healthy?

A

Radicular arteries - Vital in spinal cord blood supply; critical in preventing spinal ischemia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What cartilage near your throat stands as a shield for your vocal cords?

A

Thyroid cartilage - Known as Adam’s apple, significant in protecting vocal cords, more prominent in males.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

If muscle weakness follows a specific nerve path, what group might be causing it?

A

Myotomes - Used in diagnosing nerve injuries by tracing muscle weakness patterns.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which structure connects the head to the spine and is pivotal for nodding ‘yes’?

A

Atlas (C1) - Connects skull to spine, allows head flexion and extension.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What structure is key in neck injuries and is often palpated for fractures?

A

Clavicle - Easily fractured, common indicator in trauma evaluations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which back muscle is a bit of an oddball by attaching to the front of your upper arm?

A

Latissimus dorsi - Attaches to the anterior humerus, unlike most back muscles; essential for shoulder extension.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What vertebra lacks a spinous process and is as supportive as Atlas holding the globe?

A

Atlas (C1) - Supports the head’s rotation; its structure lacks a spinous process, unique among vertebrae.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What arteries serve the spinal cord like unsung heroes?

A

Radicular arteries - Vital for spinal cord blood flow, implicated in ischemic spinal conditions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What cartilage is large, shield-like, and near the throat?

A

Thyroid cartilage - Known as Adam’s apple, more prominent in males, protects the vocal cords.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What group of muscles is innervated by spinal nerves and critical in nerve injury diagnosis?

A

Myotomes - Allows diagnosis of nerve root injuries through patterns of muscle weakness.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What structure connects the head to the spine and is pivotal for nodding ‘yes’?

A

Atlas (C1) - Connects skull to spine, allows head flexion and extension.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Which muscle attaches anteriorly to the humerus, unlike typical back muscles?

A

Latissimus dorsi - Unique anterior attachment, important for movements of the shoulder and arm.

30
Q

What muscle attaches to the scapula, aiding in elevation and rotation, and is known as the shoulder shrugger?

A

Trapezius - Elevates and rotates scapula; innervated by the accessory nerve (CN XI).

31
Q

Which muscle stabilizes the scapula, enabling pushing movements, and is also called the ‘boxer’s muscle’?

A

Serratus anterior - Protracts and stabilizes scapula; innervated by the long thoracic nerve.

32
Q

What is the main function of the rhomboids in scapular motion?

A

Rhomboids (major and minor) - Retract scapula; innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve.

33
Q

Which extrinsic back muscle assists in scapular adduction and is vital in pulling motions?

A

Latissimus dorsi - Adducts and medially rotates the arm; innervated by the thoracodorsal nerve.

34
Q

Name the muscle that rotates the scapula to lift the arm above the head.

A

Serratus anterior - Essential for upward rotation of the scapula; critical for full arm elevation.

35
Q

What triangle in the back is formed by the latissimus dorsi, trapezius, and medial border of the scapula?

A

Triangle of Auscultation - Clinical use: Site where breath sounds are heard more clearly.

36
Q

What triangle is defined by the borders of the iliac crest, latissimus dorsi, and external oblique?

A

Lumbar triangle - Clinical relevance: Potential site for lumbar hernias.

37
Q

Which muscle group is responsible for stabilizing the spine and includes muscles like the spinalis?

A

Intrinsic back muscles (e.g., erector spinae) - Stabilize and extend the vertebral column; innervated by dorsal rami of spinal nerves.

38
Q

What is the function and nerve supply of the levator scapulae?

A

Elevates scapula; innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve and cervical nerves (C3, C4).

39
Q

Which intrinsic muscle assists in extension and lateral flexion of the spine?

A

Erector spinae - Extends and laterally flexes the vertebral column; crucial for maintaining posture.

40
Q

Identify the prominent bump at the back of the skull.

A

External occipital protuberance - A palpable landmark on the occipital bone; serves as a key reference point in head and neck exams.

41
Q

What is the palpable spinous process in the neck region that serves as a landmark?

A

C7 spinous process - Known as the vertebra prominens; its spinous process is prominent and easily felt.

42
Q

What bony landmark is found at the shoulder and serves as the highest point of the scapula?

A

Acromion of the scapula - A lateral extension of the scapular spine, forming the highest point of the shoulder.

43
Q

List the muscles responsible for scapular elevation.

A

Trapezius (descending part), Levator scapulae, Rhomboids - These muscles raise the scapula during shrugging motions.

44
Q

What muscles are involved in the depression of the scapula?

A

Pectoralis major (inferior sternocostal head), Latissimus dorsi, Trapezius (ascending part), Serratus anterior (inferior part), Pectoralis minor - Gravity also assists.

45
Q

Which muscles are engaged in protraction of the scapula?

A

Serratus anterior, Pectoralis major, Pectoralis minor - These muscles move the scapula away from the spine.

46
Q

What muscles are primarily responsible for retracting the scapula?

A

Trapezius (middle part), Rhomboids, Latissimus dorsi - These muscles pull the scapula toward the spine.

47
Q

Which muscles are key in scapular upward rotation?

A

Trapezius (descending and ascending parts), Serratus anterior (inferior part) - Critical for full arm elevation.

48
Q

List the muscles involved in downward rotation of the scapula.

A

Gravity, Levator scapulae, Rhomboids, Latissimus dorsi, Pectoralis minor, Pectoralis major (inferior sternocostal head).

49
Q

What are the proximal and distal attachments of the trapezius muscle?

A

Proximal: Medial third of superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7–T12. Distal: Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula.

50
Q

Describe the innervation and primary actions of the trapezius.

A

Innervation: Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) and C3, C4 (for proprioception). Action: Elevates, depresses, retracts scapula, and rotates glenoid cavity superiorly.

51
Q

What is the blood supply for the trapezius muscle?

A

Superficial transverse cervical artery, acromial branch of suprascapular artery, dorsal branches of posterior intercostal arteries.

52
Q

What are the proximal and distal attachments of the latissimus dorsi?

A

Proximal: Spinous processes of inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inferior 3–4 ribs. Distal: Floor of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus.

53
Q

What is the innervation and main action of the latissimus dorsi?

A

Innervation: Thoracodorsal nerve (C6, C7, C8). Action: Extends, adducts, and medially rotates the humerus; raises body during climbing.

54
Q

What are the attachments and innervation of the splenius muscles?

A

Proximal: Nuchal ligament, spinous processes C7–T6. Distal: Capitis - mastoid process, nuchal line; Cervicis - transverse processes C1–C4. Innervation: Posterior rami of spinal nerves.

55
Q

Describe the main actions of the splenius muscles.

A

Unilaterally: Flex neck and rotate head to same side. Bilaterally: Extend head and neck.

56
Q

What are the borders and clinical relevance of the Triangle of Auscultation?

A

Bounded by the rhomboid major (medial border of scapula), trapezius, and latissimus dorsi. Clinical relevance: Used for clearer lung sound auscultation.

57
Q

What are the boundaries of the lumbar triangle, and what is its significance?

A

Bounded by latissimus dorsi, external oblique, and iliac crest. Significance: Potential site for lumbar hernia.

58
Q

What is the hypomere, and what muscles does it give rise to?

A

Hypomere refers to the ventral part of each somite in the embryo, giving rise to muscles of the limbs and body wall, including extrinsic back muscles. Innervated by the anterior rami of spinal nerves.

59
Q

Define epimere and describe its significance in muscle formation.

A

Epimere is the dorsal part of each somite, forming the intrinsic back muscles (like erector spinae and transversospinalis groups). Innervated by the posterior rami of spinal nerves, responsible for spine stabilization and movement.

60
Q

What is the bony prominence at the back of the skull that is often palpated?

A

External occipital protuberance - Serves as a palpable landmark for head and neck assessments (Section 4:07-4:34).

61
Q

Which vertebra has the first palpable spinous process in the upper cervical region?

A

C2 spinous process - First palpable spinous process in the cervical region (Section 4:37-5:00).

62
Q

Which is the first palpable spinous process in the neck?

A

C7 spinous process - Known as the vertebra prominens; it’s the first palpable spinous process in the neck (Section 5:00-5:15).

63
Q

List the palpable structures of the scapula.

A

Spine, medial border, inferior angle, and acromion of the scapula (Sections 5:23-5:58).

64
Q

Which muscles are involved in scapular elevation and depression?

A

Elevation: Trapezius (descending), Levator scapulae, Rhomboids. Depression: Gravity, Pectoralis major (inferior sternocostal head), Latissimus dorsi, Trapezius (ascending), Serratus anterior, Pectoralis minor (Section 6:33-7:08).

65
Q

What are the muscles involved in protraction and retraction of the scapula?

A

Protraction: Serratus anterior, Pectoralis major, Pectoralis minor. Retraction: Trapezius (middle part), Rhomboids, Latissimus dorsi (Section 7:17-7:58).

66
Q

Describe the muscles involved in upward and downward rotation of the scapula.

A

Upward: Trapezius (ascending and descending), Serratus anterior. Downward: Gravity, Levator scapulae, Rhomboids, Latissimus dorsi, Pectoralis minor, Pectoralis major (inferior sternocostal head)

67
Q

What are the attachments, innervation, and blood supply of the trapezius?

A

Attachments: Superior nuchal line, ligamentum nuchae, C7 to T12 spinous processes, clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula.

Innervation: Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI).

Blood supply: Superficial transverse cervical artery

68
Q

Describe the attachments, function, and blood supply of the latissimus dorsi.

A

Attachments: T7 to L5 spinous processes, iliac crest, ribs, thoracolumbar fascia.

Function: Adduction, internal rotation of the shoulder. Blood supply: Thoracodorsal artery

69
Q

Describe the attachments, function, and innervation of the splenius capitis and cervicis.

A

Attachments: Superior nuchal line, mastoid process, C7 to T4 spinous processes.

Function: Unilateral contraction - head/neck rotation; bilateral contraction - neck extension

70
Q

What are the attachments and functions of the erector spinae group?

A

Attachments: Lumbar vertebrae, ribs, transverse processes, mastoid process.

Function: Trunk extension and ipsilateral rotation

71
Q

What are the boundaries and clinical relevance of the Triangle of Auscultation?

A

Bounded by rhomboid major, trapezius, and latissimus dorsi.

Clinical use: Site for clearer auscultation of thoracic sounds

72
Q

What are the boundaries and clinical significance of the lumbar triangle?

A

Bounded by latissimus dorsi, external oblique, and iliac crest.

Clinical significance: Potential site for abdominal herniation

Med School (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions