Back Arthrology

Question 1

Describe Planar joints

Answer 1

• SYNOVIAL
• flat plane
• Arthroidal
• uniaxial gliding or sliding
• tight joint capsule

Question 2

Ginglymus Joints

Answer 2

• SYNOVIAL
• hinge
• uniaxial
• thin slack joint capsule

Question 3

Trochoid Joint

Answer 3

• SYNOVIAL
• pivot
• uniaxial rotation

Question 4

Condyloid Joint

Answer 4

• SYNOVIAL
• one or two concave surfaces articulating with one or two convex surfaces
• biaxial

Question 5

Sellar Joints

Answer 5

• SYNOVIAL
• saddle
• both surfaces are convex and concave
• biaxial
• allowing false circumvention without rotation

Question 6

Spheroidal Joints

Answer 6

• SYNOVIAL
• ball and socket
• multi axial
• allowing circumduction in multiple planes

Question 7

Compound Synovial joint

Answer 7

Any combo of synovial joints

Question 8

Sutures

Answer 8

• FIBROUS
• serrated: interlocking bone with jagged edge
• squamous: joined with bone with two beveled surfaces
• planar: two blunt ends joined by fibrous connective tissue

Question 9

Schindylesis

Answer 9

• FIBROUS

Tongue in groove joined by fibrous connective tissue

Question 10

Gomphosis

Answer 10

• FIBROUS
  Two bones separated by connective tissue

**teeth

Question 11

Syndesmosis

Answer 11

• FIBROUS

- two bones separated by fibrous membrane

Question 12

Synchondrosis

Answer 12

• primary cartilaginous joints
• temporary unions of hyaline cartilage
• usually between diaphysis and epiphysis of growing bone

Question 13

Symphysis

Answer 13

• secondary cartilaginous joint

- strong slightly moveable joints united by fibrocartilage

Question 14

Compound joint

Answer 14

A joint that includes articulation from more than one of the three main categories of joints

Question 15

C1/C2 joint type

Answer 15

Compound synovial

Planar + trochoid

Question 16

C3-S1 joint type

Answer 16

Symphesis

Question 17

S5/Co1 joint type

Answer 17

Symphesis

Question 18

Zygopohyseal JOint (C1-S1)

Answer 18

Planar synovial

Question 19

Anterior longitudinal ligament

Answer 19

Travels on the anterior surface of the vertebral body

Question 20

Joint of Luschka

Answer 20

In Cervical joints, the joint between the unilateral process of the inferior vertebra and beveled inferior surface of the superior vertebra

UNCOVERTEBRAL

Question 21

Whiplash results in what?

Answer 21

Excessive stretching/tearing of the anterior longitudinal ligament

A recoil can also result in hyperflexion injury

Question 22

What to do when fracture of vertebral column occurs

Answer 22

Hyper extension of the anterior longitudinal ligament will help realign fragments of bone to prevent further injury to spinal cord.

Question 23

Posterior longitudinal ligament

Answer 23

Travels on the dorsal aspect of the vertebral bodies

Question 24

Ligamentum Flavum

Answer 24

Pale yellow fibers that travel on the ventral surface of the vertebral lamina

Question 25

Interspinous ligament

Answer 25

Travel between adjacent spinous processes

Question 26

Intertransverse ligament

Answer 26

Not well defined in cervical region Fibrous cord in the thoracic region, thin membranes in the lumbar region

Question 27

Supraspinous ligament

Answer 27

Travels on dorsal surface of the spinous process Continues as the ligamentum nuchae in the cervical region

Question 28

Intervertebral discs have two parts

Answer 28

Annulus fibrosis: tough fibrous outer region Nucleus pulposus: soft gelatinous inner portion

Question 29

Herniation of the nucleus pulposus typically occurs where?

Answer 29

Poserolaterally At L4/5 an L5/S1 (where discs are larger and more mobile.)

Question 30

Alantoocipital joint 1. What bones 2. What kind of joint 3. Ligaments involved

Answer 30

1. Joint between atlas and basilar occipital bone 2. Condyloid synovial joint 3. - Anterior atlantooccipital membrane (from anterior arch of the atlas to the basilar occipital bone) - tectorial membrane (from posterior surface of the body of the axis to anterior internal margin of the foremen magum of occipital bone) - posterior atlantooccipictal membrane (from anterior surface of the posterior arch of the atlas to the posterior internal margin of the foremen magnum of occipital bone)

Question 31

Median atlantoaxial joint 1. What bones 2. What kind of joint 3. Ligaments involved

Answer 31

1. Anterior facet of the dens of the axis and the articular facet for the dens on the atlas 2. Trochoid synovial joint 3. A. cruciate L. -superior longitudinal band (from occipital B to the Transverse L) -Transverse L. Of atlas (around odontoid process, from tubercle of transverse L to contralateral tubercle of transverse L.) -inferior longitudinal band (from C2 to transverse L) B. Alar L (from odontoid process of axis to the lateral margins of the foramen magnum of occipital bone. C. Apical L of dens (apex of dens to anterior internal margins of foramen magnum

Question 32

Lateral atlantoaxial joint 1. What bones 2. What kind of joint 3. Ligaments involved

Answer 32

1. Superior and inferior articulating processes of the atlas and axis 2. Planar synovial 3.

Question 33

Lumbosacral joint 1. What bones 2. What kind of joint 3. Ligaments involved

Answer 33

1. L5 and sacrum 2. Compound: Symphysis + Planar synovial 3. A. Anterior longitudinal L. (Travels on ventral surface of vertebral bonds, onto the ventral surface of sacrum B. Posterior longitudinal L. (Travels on the dorsal surface of the vertebral body onto anterior wall of sacral canal C. Ligamentum flavum (travel on ventral surface of vertebral laminae onto posterior wall of sacral canal D. Illiolumbar (travels from L5 transverse process to iliac crest - lumbosacral L. (Travel from L5 trans process and body to sacral ala) E. Intervertebral disc - annulus fibrosis - nucleus pulposus