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Anatomy UNIT 1 > Back and Upper Extremity Muscles > Flashcards

Back and Upper Extremity Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Splenius capitis

A 
O: Nuchal ligament,
spinous processes of
C7-T6
I: Mastoid process,
lateral one- third of
superior nuchal line
N: Posterior rami of spinal
nerves
Bilateral: extend
head/neck
Unilateral: ipsilateral
head rotation and
lateral flexion of the
neck
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2
Q

Splenius cervicis

A 
O: Nuchal ligament,
spinous processes of
C7-T6
I: Transverse processes
of upper cervical
vertebrae
N: Posterior rami of spinal
nerves
A: Bilateral: extend
neck
Unilateral: ipsilateral
head rotation and
lateral flexion of the
neck
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3
Q

Iliocostalis
(Erector Spinae
Group)

A 
O: Common tendon
from iliac crest,
sacrum and lumbar
vertebrae (also from
the thoracolumbar
fascia that surrounds
them)
I: Angles of lower ribs
and cervical transverse
processes
N: Posterior rami of spinal nerves
A: Bilateral: extend
back 
Unilateral: laterally
flex vertebral
column
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4
Q

Longissimus
(Erector Spinae
Group)

A 
O: Common tendon
from iliac crest,
sacrum and lumbar
vertebrae (also from
the thoracolumbar
fascia that surrounds
them)
I: Ribs, transverse
processes of
thoracic/cervical
vertebrae, mastoid
process
N: Posterior rami of spinal
nerves
A: Bilateral: extend
back (and head –
longissimus only)
Unilateral: laterally
flex vertebral
column
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5
Q

Spinalis
(Erector Spinae
Group)

A 
O: Common tendon
from iliac crest and
sacrum, spinous
processes
I: Spinous processes of
sacrum / lumbar
vertebrae to those of
higher vertebrae
(usually thoracic,
sometimes in cervical -region)
N: Posterior rami of spinal nerves
A: Bilateral: extend
back 
Unilateral: laterally
flex vertebral
column
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6
Q

Semispinalis
(Transversospinalis
Group)

A 
O: Transverse processes
of lower cervical and
most thoracic
vertebrae
I: Spinous processes of
vertebrae 4-6 levels
superior. Superior
nuchal line of occipital
bone (S. capitis only)
N: Posterior rami of spinal
nerves
A: Bilateral; assists
extension of
vertebral column
Unilateral ; assists
with contralateral
rotation and
ipsilateral lateral
flexion
Stabilizes vertebral
column
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7
Q

Multifidus
(Transversospinalis
Group)

A 
O: Common tendon of
erector spinae from
iliac crest and
sacrum / transverse
processes
I: Spinous processes of
vertebrae 2-4 levels
superior
N: Posterior rami of spinal
nerves
A: Bilateral; assists
extension of
vertebral column
Unilateral ; assists
with contralateral
rotation and
ipsilateral lateral
flexion
Stabilizes vertebral
column
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8
Q

Rotatores
(Transversospinalis
Group)

A 
O: Transverse processes
(mostly thoracic)
I: Spinous processes of
vertebrae 1-2 levels
superior
N: Posterior rami of spinal
nerves
A: Bilateral; assists
extension of
vertebral column
Unilateral ; assists
with contralateral
rotation and
ipsilateral lateral
flexion
Stabilizes vertebral
column
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9
Q

Rectus capitis

posterior major

A 
O: Spinous process of
C2
I: Lateral inferior nuchal
line 
N: Suboccipital n
(Posterior ramus of C1)
A: Mostly postural but
assist in extending
(RCPMa, RCPMi,
OCS) and rotating
(OCI) the head
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10
Q

Rectus capitis

posterior minor

A 
O: Posterior tubercle of
C1
I: Medial inferior nuchal
line
N: Suboccipital n
(Posterior ramus of C1)
A: Mostly postural but
assist in extending
(RCPMa, RCPMi,
OCS) and rotating
(OCI) the head
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11
Q

Obliquus capitis

superior

A 
O: Transverse process
of C1
I: Above lateral inferior
nuchal line
N: Above lateral inferior
nuchal line
A: Mostly postural but
assist in extending
(RCPMa, RCPMi,
OCS) and rotating
(OCI) the head
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12
Q

Obliquus capitis

inferior

A 
O: Spinous process of
C2
I: Transverse process of
C1
N: Suboccipital n
(Posterior ramus of C1)
A: Mostly postural but
assist in extending
(RCPMa, RCPMi,
OCS) and rotating
(OCI) the head
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13
Q

Trapezius

A 
O: Superior nuchal line,
external occipital
protuberance, nuchal
ligament, spinous
processes of C7-T12
I: Lateral third of
clavicle, acromion,
spine of scapula
N: Lateral third of
clavicle, acromion,
spine of scapula
A: Elevate, retract,
depress scapula;
glenoid-up rotation of
scapula
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14
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A 
O: Lower thoracic
spinous processes,
thoracolumbar fascia,
iliac crest
I: Intertubercular sulcus
of humerus
N: Thoracodorsal nerve 
A: Adduct, medially
rotate, extend arm
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15
Q

Levator scapulae

A 
O: Upper cervical
transverse processes
I: Upper cervical
transverse processes
N: Dorsal scapular nerve
and cervical anterior
rami (C3-4)
A: Elevate scapula;
glenoid-down rotation
of scapula
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16
Q

Rhomboid major

A 
O: Spinous processes of
upper thoracic
vertebrae
I: Medial border of
scapula inferior to
level of spine 
N: Dorsal scapular nerve
A: Retract, glenoid-down
rotation of scapula, fix
scapula to thoracic
wall
17
Q

Rhomboid minor

A 
O: Nuchal ligament and
Spinous processes of
C7-T1
I: Medial border of
scapula near spine
N: Dorsal scapular nerve
A: Retract, glenoid-down
rotation of scapula, fix
scapula to thoracic
wall
18
Q

Pectoralis major

A 
O: Clavicular head:
medial half of
clavicle
Sternocostal head:
sternum, superior
costal cartilages
i: (Lateral lip of)
Intertubercular sulcus
of humerus
N: Lateral pectoral nerve
(clavicular head) and
Medial pectoral nerve
(sternocostal head)
A: Adduct & medially
rotate arm; Clavicular
head also flexes
19
Q

Pectoralis minor

A 
O: Ribs 3-5
I: Coracoid process of
scapula
N: Medial pectoral nerve
A: Stabilize scapula
20
Q

Serratus anterior

A 
O: Ribs 1-8
I: Inferior angle and
medial border of
scapula (anterior
surface)
N: Long thoracic nerve
A: Primary glenoid-up
rotator of scapula;
Anchors scapula to
thoracic wall by
protracting &
depressing scapula
21
Q

Subclavius

A 
O: Rib 1 
I: Subclavian groove on
inferior clavicle
N: Nerve to subclavius 
A: Depress clavicle
22
Q

Deltoid

A 
O: Spine of scapula,
acromion, lateral
third of clavicle
I: Deltoid tuberosity of
humerus 
N: Axillary nerve
A: Extension and lateral
rotation (spinal part),
flexion and medial
rotation (clavicular
part), or abduction of
arm (acromial part)
23
Q

Teres major

A 
O: Posterior surface of
inferior angle
I: (Medial lip of)
Intertubercular sulcus
of humerus
N: Lower subscapular
nerve
A: Adduction & Medial
rotation of arm
24
Q

Supraspinatus (rotator

cuff muscle)

A 
O: Supraspinous fossa
of scapula
I: Greater tubercle of
humerus
N: Suprascapular nerve
A: Initiates abduction of
arm up to 15⁰;
Stabilize glenohumeral
joint
25
Q

Infraspinatus (rotator

cuff muscle)

A 
O: Infraspinous fossa of
scapula
I: Greater tubercle of
humerus
N: Suprascapular nerve
A: Laterally rotate arm;
Stabilize glenohumeral
joint
26
Q

Teres minor (rotator cuff muscle)

A

O: Middle part of lateral border of scapula
I: Greater tubercle of humerus
N: Axillary nerve
A: Laterally rotate arm; Stabilize glenohumeral joint

27
Q

Subscapularis (rotator

cuff muscle)

A 
O: Subscapular fossa of
scapula
I: Radial tuberosity,
bicipital aponeurosis
N: Upper, lower
subscapular nerves
A: Medially rotate and
adduct arm; Stabilize
glenohumeral joint

Anatomy UNIT 1 (3 decks)

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