Back

Question 1

What muscles make up the Superficial layer of the back? What doe they do?

Answer 1

Trapezius, latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor

Move Shoulder

Question 2

What muscles make up the intermediate layer of the back? What do they do?

Answer 2

serratus posterior superior and serratus posterior inferior

ACCESSORY respiratory muscles (use when breathing heavily)

Question 3

What muscles make up the deep layer of the back? What do they do?

Answer 3

Erector Spinae Group: iliocostalis, longissimus, semispinalis

Move spine

Question 4

What makes up the axial skeleton?

Answer 4

skull vertebral column sacrum ribs sternum

Question 5

What makes up the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 5

clavicles scapulae upper extremities pelvis lower extremities

Question 6

Where are the axial-to-appendicular connections?

Answer 6

sternoclavicular joints sacroiliac joints

Question 7

Trapezius muscle proximal attachment

Answer 7

• Proximal attachment: external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous process of C7 to T12

Question 8

Trapezius muscle parts

Answer 8

• Superior part: attaches to lateral 1/3 of clavicle; elevates scapula
• Middle part: attaches to acromion and spine of scapula; retracts scapula
• Inferior part: attaches to medial end of spine of scapula; depresses scapula

Question 9

Trapezius muscle innervation

Answer 9

• Innervation: accessory nerve (CN XI)(motor innervation); branches of ventral rami of spinal nerves C3 and C4 (sensory/proprioception innervation)

Question 10

Trapezius muscle blood supply

Answer 10

• Arterial supply: transverse cervical artery

Question 11

Latissimus Dorsi muscle proximal and distal attachment

Answer 11

• Proximal attachment: spines of vertebrae T7 to T12, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, ribs 9 to 12, lateral to their angles
• Distal attachment: humerus (intertubercular sulcus)

Question 12

latissimus dorsi innervation

Answer 12

• Innervation: thoracodorsal nerve

Question 13

latissimus dorsi arterial supply

Answer 13

• Arterial supply: thoracodorsal artery

Question 14

latissimus dorsi function

Answer 14

• Function: extends, adducts, rotates humerus medially

Question 15

Rhomboid major and rhomboid minor muscles proximal/distal attachments

Answer 15

• Rhomboid minor:
  
  • Proximal attachment: nuchal ligament, spinous process of C7 and T1
  • Distal attachment: medial border of scapula
• Rhomboid major:
  
  • Proximal attachment: spinous process of T2 to T5
  • Distal attachment: medial border of the scapula

Question 16

Rhomboid major and rhomboid minor muscles function

Answer 16

Function of both muscles: retract scapula, rotate scapula to depress glenoid cavity, hold scapula close to thoracic wall

Question 17

Rhomboid major and rhomboid minor muscles innervation

Answer 17

• Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve

Question 18

Levator Scapulae Muscle attachments

Answer 18

• Distal attachment: superior angle of scapula
• Proximal attachment: transverse processes of upper four cervical vertebrae

Question 19

Levator Scapulae Muscle function

Answer 19

• Function: elevates scapula and rotates scapula to depress glenoid cavity

Question 20

Levator Scapulae Muscle innervation

Answer 20

Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve

Question 21

Levator Scapulae Muscle arterial supply

Answer 21

• Arterial supply: dorsal scapular artery (may branch from subclavian artery or come from transverse cervical artery—“deep branch of transverse cervical artery”)

Question 22

What are the boarders of the triangle of auscultation?

Answer 22

Triangle of auscultation: bound by latissimus dorsi, trapezius, and rhomboid major muscle; area good for listening to sounds from thoracic organs—lungs

Question 23

What are the proximal/distal attachments for the serratus posterior superior?

Answer 23

• Serratus posterior superior
  
  • Thin muscles beneath rhomboids
  • Proximal attachment: nuchal ligament and spinous process of C7 to T3
  • Distal attachment: ribs 2 to 5, lateral to their angles

Question 24

What is the function of the serratus posterior superior?

Answer 24

Function: respiratory muscles

Question 25

What is the innervation for the serratus posterior superior?

Answer 25

* ***Innervation: intercostal nerves***

Question 26

What is the blood supply for the serratus posterior superior?

Answer 26

* ***Artery: intercostal arteries***

Question 27

What are the proximal/distal attachments for the serratus posterior inferor?

Answer 27

* **Serratus posterior inferior** * Proximal attachment: spinous processes of T11 to L2 * Distal attachment: ribs 9 to 12 lateral to their angles

Question 28

What is the function of the serratus posterior inferior?

Answer 28

* ***Function: respiratory muscles***

Question 29

What is the innervation for the serratus posterior inferior?

Answer 29

* ***Innervation: intercostal nerves***

Question 30

What is the blood supply for the serratus posterior inferior?

Answer 30

* ***Artery: intercostal arteries***

Question 31

Where is the erector spinae group located?

Answer 31

* Deep to serratus posterior muscles

Question 32

What is the spinalis muscle? What is the inferior attachment? What is the superioior attachment? What vertebral levels is present at?

Answer 32

* **Spinalis muscle** * Medial column of erector spinae m. * Inferior attachment: spinous processes * Superior attachment: spinous processes * Present at lumbar, thoracic and cervical vertebral levels

Question 33

What is the Longissimus ​ **muscle?** What is the inferior attachment? What is the superior attachment? Where is it present?

Answer 33

* Medial column of erector spinae m. * Inferior attachment: spinous processes * Superior attachment: spinous processes * Present at lumbar, thoracic and cervical vertebral levels

Question 34

What is the ileocostalis ​ muscle? What is the inferior attachment? What is the superior attachment? Where is it present?

Answer 34

* **Iliocostalis muscle** * Lateral column of erector spinae m. * Inferior attachment: ilium (iliac crest) * Superior attachment: ribs

Question 35

What is the function of the erector spinae?

Answer 35

* ***Function: bends vertebral column laterally toward the side that is active***

Question 36

What is the innervation for the erector spinae?

Answer 36

* ***Innervation: dorsal rami***

Question 37

What is the blood supply for the erector spinae?

Answer 37

* ***Artery: intercostal arteries***