Back Flashcards
What muscles make up the Superficial layer of the back? What doe they do?
Trapezius, latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor
Move Shoulder
What muscles make up the intermediate layer of the back? What do they do?
serratus posterior superior and serratus posterior inferior
ACCESSORY respiratory muscles (use when breathing heavily)
What muscles make up the deep layer of the back? What do they do?
Erector Spinae Group: iliocostalis, longissimus, semispinalis
Move spine
What makes up the axial skeleton?
skull vertebral column sacrum ribs sternum
What makes up the appendicular skeleton?
clavicles scapulae upper extremities pelvis lower extremities
Where are the axial-to-appendicular connections?
sternoclavicular joints sacroiliac joints
Trapezius muscle proximal attachment
- Proximal attachment: external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous process of C7 to T12
Trapezius muscle parts
- Superior part: attaches to lateral 1/3 of clavicle; elevates scapula
- Middle part: attaches to acromion and spine of scapula; retracts scapula
- Inferior part: attaches to medial end of spine of scapula; depresses scapula
Trapezius muscle innervation
- Innervation: accessory nerve (CN XI)(motor innervation); branches of ventral rami of spinal nerves C3 and C4 (sensory/proprioception innervation)
Trapezius muscle blood supply
- Arterial supply: transverse cervical artery
Latissimus Dorsi muscle proximal and distal attachment
- Proximal attachment: spines of vertebrae T7 to T12, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, ribs 9 to 12, lateral to their angles
- Distal attachment: humerus (intertubercular sulcus)
latissimus dorsi innervation
- Innervation: thoracodorsal nerve
latissimus dorsi arterial supply
- Arterial supply: thoracodorsal artery
latissimus dorsi function
- Function: extends, adducts, rotates humerus medially
Rhomboid major and rhomboid minor muscles proximal/distal attachments
-
Rhomboid minor:
- Proximal attachment: nuchal ligament, spinous process of C7 and T1
- Distal attachment: medial border of scapula
-
Rhomboid major:
- Proximal attachment: spinous process of T2 to T5
- Distal attachment: medial border of the scapula
Rhomboid major and rhomboid minor muscles function
Function of both muscles: retract scapula, rotate scapula to depress glenoid cavity, hold scapula close to thoracic wall
Rhomboid major and rhomboid minor muscles innervation
- Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve
Levator Scapulae Muscle attachments
- Distal attachment: superior angle of scapula
- Proximal attachment: transverse processes of upper four cervical vertebrae
Levator Scapulae Muscle function
- Function: elevates scapula and rotates scapula to depress glenoid cavity
Levator Scapulae Muscle innervation
Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve
Levator Scapulae Muscle arterial supply
- Arterial supply: dorsal scapular artery (may branch from subclavian artery or come from transverse cervical artery—“deep branch of transverse cervical artery”)
What are the boarders of the triangle of auscultation?
Triangle of auscultation: bound by latissimus dorsi, trapezius, and rhomboid major muscle; area good for listening to sounds from thoracic organs—lungs
What are the proximal/distal attachments for the serratus posterior superior?
-
Serratus posterior superior
- Thin muscles beneath rhomboids
- Proximal attachment: nuchal ligament and spinous process of C7 to T3
- Distal attachment: ribs 2 to 5, lateral to their angles
What is the function of the serratus posterior superior?
Function: respiratory muscles
What is the innervation for the serratus posterior superior?
- Innervation: intercostal nerves
What is the blood supply for the serratus posterior superior?
- Artery: intercostal arteries
What are the proximal/distal attachments for the serratus posterior inferor?
-
Serratus posterior inferior
- Proximal attachment: spinous processes of T11 to L2
- Distal attachment: ribs 9 to 12 lateral to their angles
What is the function of the serratus posterior inferior?
- Function: respiratory muscles
What is the innervation for the serratus posterior inferior?
- Innervation: intercostal nerves
What is the blood supply for the serratus posterior inferior?
- Artery: intercostal arteries
Where is the erector spinae group located?
- Deep to serratus posterior muscles
What is the spinalis muscle?
What is the inferior attachment?
What is the superioior attachment?
What vertebral levels is present at?
-
Spinalis muscle
- Medial column of erector spinae m.
- Inferior attachment: spinous processes
- Superior attachment: spinous processes
- Present at lumbar, thoracic and cervical vertebral levels
What is the Longissimus muscle?
What is the inferior attachment?
What is the superior attachment?
Where is it present?
- Medial column of erector spinae m.
- Inferior attachment: spinous processes
- Superior attachment: spinous processes
- Present at lumbar, thoracic and cervical vertebral levels
What is the ileocostalis muscle?
What is the inferior attachment?
What is the superior attachment?
Where is it present?
-
Iliocostalis muscle
- Lateral column of erector spinae m.
- Inferior attachment: ilium (iliac crest)
- Superior attachment: ribs
What is the function of the erector spinae?
- Function: bends vertebral column laterally toward the side that is active
What is the innervation for the erector spinae?
- Innervation: dorsal rami
What is the blood supply for the erector spinae?
- Artery: intercostal arteries
