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Anatomy Exam 3 > Back > Flashcards

Back Flashcards

1
Q

Fxns of vertebral column

A
  • Protect spinal cord/nerves

- Posture, locomotion

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2
Q

Movements of vertebral column

A
  • Extension
  • Flexion
  • Lateral flexion
  • Rotation
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3
Q

Primary curvature

A

Kyphosis

  • Concave anteriorly
  • Develop early in ontogeny, during fetal period
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4
Q

Secondary curvatures

A

Lordoses

  • Concave posteriorly
  • Cervical curvature develops as infant learns to hold head upright
  • Lumbar curvature develops as infant learns to sit upright & walk
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5
Q

Excessive thoracic kyphosis colloquial

A

“Humpback”

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6
Q

Excessive lumbar lordosis colloquial

A

“Swayback”

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7
Q

Scoliosis

A

Lateral deviation & rotation

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8
Q

Atlas

A
  • C1
  • Lacks body & spinous process, ring-shaped
  • Superior articular facets articulate w/ occipital condyles
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9
Q

Axis

A
  • Dens process

- Large superior articular facets articulate w/ inferior articular facets on C1

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10
Q

Thoracic vertebrae

A
  • Heart shaped bodies
  • Inferiorly projecting spinous processes
  • Costal facets articulate w/ ribs
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11
Q

Lumbar vertebrae

A
  • Robust, large bodies
  • Posteriorly projecting spinous processes
  • Larger gaps btwn adjacent vertebrae (esp. when flexed)
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12
Q

Intervertebral discs

A
  • Distribute weight/force
  • Provide flexibility
  • Cervical/lumbar discs are thicker anteriorly
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13
Q

What type of joints are btwn the vertebral bodies?

A
  • Cartilaginous

- Intervertebral discs & ligaments

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14
Q

What type of joints are located at the uncinate processes?

A

Uncovertebral

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15
Q

What type of joints are btwn the vertebral facets?

A

Zygapophysial

- Orientation of facets determines range of motion

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16
Q

Orientation of cervical vertebral facets

A

Face superiorly/inferiorly

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17
Q

Cervical vertebrae actions

A
  • Flexion
  • Extension
  • Lateral flexion
  • Rotation
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18
Q

Orientation of thoracic vertebral facets

A

Face anteriorly/posteriorly

19
Q

Thoracic vertebrae action

A

Rotation

20
Q

Orientation of lumbar vertebral facets

A

Face medially/laterally

21
Q

Lumbar vertebrae actions

A
  • Flexion
  • Extension
  • Lateral flexion
22
Q

Atlanto-occipital joints (location & action)

A
  • Synovial joints btwn superior articular facets of C1 & occipital condyles
  • Flexion/extension of head (“Yes”)
23
Q

Atlanto-axial joints (location & action)

A
  • Synovial joints btwn C1 & C2
  • 2 lateral (facet), 1 median (btwn anterior arch of C1, dens process, & transverse ligament of C1)
  • Rotation of head (“No”)
24
Q

Inferior angle spinal level

A

T7

25
Q

Iliac crests spinal level

A

L4

26
Q

Segmental vessels

A

Supply skin & fascia

  • Intercostal
  • Subcostal
  • Lumbar
27
Q

Nuchal ligament

A

Cervical thickening of supraspinous ligament

28
Q

Innervation of extrinsic muscles (& exception)

A

Ventral rami

Except trapezius, which is innervated by CN VI

29
Q

What makes up the triangle of auscultation?

A
  • Trapezius
  • Latissimus dorsi
  • Medial border of inferior scapula
30
Q

Innervation of intrinsic muscles

A

Dorsal rami

31
Q

Action of intrinsic muscles

A
  • Extension of vertebral column
  • Lateral flexion
  • Rotation
32
Q

What extrinsic muscles are involved in respiration?

A
  • Serratus posterior superior
  • Serratus posterior inferior
  • Located deep to rhomboids & latissimus dorsi
33
Q

Origin of SF layer (splenius capitus & cervicis)

A

Nuchal ligament, thoracic spinal processes

34
Q

Insertion splenius capitus

A

Mastoid process, occipital bone

35
Q

Insertion of splenius cervicis

A

Cervical transverse processes

36
Q

Origin of erector spinae

A

Iliac crest, sacrum, & lumbar spinous processes

37
Q

Insertion of iliocostalis

A

Ribs, transverse processes

38
Q

Insertion of longissimus

A

Transverse processes, mastoid process

39
Q

Insertion of spinals

A

Spinous processes, occipital bone

40
Q

What parts make up transversospinalis?

A
  • Semispinalis
  • Multifidus
  • Rotatores
41
Q

Origin of trasversospinalis

A

“Gutter” btwn transverse & spinous processes

42
Q

What is vertebra C7 called?

A

Vertebra prominens

- Bc it has most prominent spinous process

43
Q

Uncinate processes

A

Elevated superolateral margin of body

Anatomy Exam 3 (3 decks)

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