Back Flashcards
the vertebral column consists of? cervical? thoracic? lumbar?
33 vertebrae (7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 fused sacral, and 4 fused coccygeal vertebrae).
protects and supports what? allows movement of?
spinal cord, support weight of head amd trunk, and allows movement of the rib cage for respiration by articulating with the ribs.
Primary curvatures are located in? secondary curvatures?
thoracic and sacral regions and develop during embryonic and fetal periods, whereas the secondary curvatures are located in the cervical and lumbar regions and develop after birth and during infancy.
abnormal curvatiures in the vertebral column include?
a. kyphosis (hunchback or humpback)- an abnormally increased thoracic (forward) curvature resulting from osteoporosis.
b. Lordosis (swayback or saddle back)- an abnormally increased lumbar (backward) curvature resulting from trunk muscular weakness or osteomalacia. and
c. scoliosis a condition of lateral deviation resulting from unequal growth of the vertebral column, pathlogic erosion of vertebral bodies, or asymmetric paralysis or weakness of vertebral bodies, or asymmetric paralysis or weakness of vertebral muscles.
typical vertebrae consists of?
body and vertebral arch with several processes for muscular and articular attachments.
body is?
short cylinder, supports weight, and is separated and also bound together by the intervertebral disks, forming cartilagenous joints.
Body has costal facets or processes of the thoracic vertebrae anterior to? articulate with?
the pedicles, which articulate with the heads of the corresponding and subjacent (just below) ribs.
Spondylolisthesis is a forward slip (displacement) of one vertebrae over another. usually of?
5th lumbar over the body of the sacrum, or of the fourth lumbar over the fifth; it is usually due to a development defect or traumatic fracture of the pedicle, lamina, or facets (pars interarticularis)
sponilolisthesis usually due to?
developmental defect or traumatic fracture the pedicle, lamina, or facets ( pars interarticularis).
in this case, the spinal nerve roots may be pressed on causing?
lower back pain, stiffness, muscle tightness, sciatica or shortened trunk
Spondylosis (ankylosis of the vertebrae) is a? it may cause pressure on?
degenerative osteoarthritis of the vertebral joints. nerve roots, producing pain and muscle weakness.
Spondylitis (inflammation of the vertebrae) ankylosing spondylitis is a form of? the affected vertebrae?
rheumatoid arthritis that affects the vertebral joints, especially the lower back. produces pain, stiffness, swelling, and limited motion.
fuse or grow together, resulting in a rigid spine (bamboo spine), poor posture and deformities.
Scheuermann’s disease or kyphosis (juvenile kyphosis or vertebral epiphysitis) is? It occurs when? symptoms include?
epiphysial osteochondosis of vertebral bodies commonly in the thoracic vertebrae.
front parts of the thoracic vertebrae do not grow as fast as the back parts and thus form a wedge shape, leading to kyphosis.
thoracic kyphosis, intermittent back pain and tight hamstrings.
Pott’s disease is? most commonly localized in? common symptoms?
tuberculosis of the spine or vertebrae that results from softeningand collapse of the vertebrae, often causing kyphosis (hunchback). it is also called tuberculous spondylitis and is most commonly localized in thoracic portion of spine.
paravertebral swelling or abscess (causing spinal cord compression), paraplegia, back pain, fever, cough, sweats, anorexia and weight loss.
Vertebral (Neural) Arch?
Consists of paired pedicles laterally and paired laminae posteriorly.
Forms the vertebral foramen with the vertebral body and protects the spinal cord and associated structures.
