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serratus posterior inferior
Origin: spinous process of T11-L2
Insertion: inferior aspect of ribs 9-12
Innervation: ventral rami of lower thoracic nerves
Action: depresses ribs
Blood supply: posterior intercostal arteries
serratus posterior superior
Origin: ligamentum nuchae, spinus process of C7-T3
Insertion: superior aspect of ribs 2-4
Innervation: ventral rami of upper thoracic nerves
Action: elevates ribs
Blood supply: posterior intercostal arteries
splenius capitis
Origin: nuchal ligament, spinus process of C7-T3
Insertion: Mastoid process of temporal bone, lateral third of superior nuchal line
Innervation: dorsal rami of middle cervical nerves
Action: Bilaterally- extend head; Unilaterally- laterally bends (flexes) and rotates face to same side
Blood supply: descending branch of occipital artery, deep cervical artery
Obliquus capitis inferior
Origin: spine of axis
Insertion: transverse process of atlas
Innervation: suboccipital nerve
Action: rotates atlas to turn face to same side
Blood supply: verteral artery, descending branch of occipital artery
obliquus capitis superior
Origin: transverse process of atlas
Insertion: occipital bone
Innervation: suboccipital nerve
Action: extends and bends head laterally
Blood supply: verteral artery, descending branch of occipital artery
rectus capitis posterior major
Origin: spine of axis
Insertion: inferior nuchal line
Innervation: suboccipital nerve
Action: extends and rotates head to same side
Blood supply: verteral artery, descending branch of occipital artery
rectus capitis posterior minor
Origin: tubercle of posterior arch of atlas
Insertion: median inferior nuchal line
Innervation: suboccipital nerve
Action: extends head
Blood supply: verteral artery, descending branch of occipital artery
Latissimus dorsi
Origin: spinous process of T7-L5, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest,a nd last three ribs
Insertion: humerus (intertubercular sulcus)
Innervation: thoracodorsal
Action: extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus
Blood supply: thoracodorsal artery
Levator scapulae
Origin: posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C4
Insertion: medial border of scapula from superior angle to spine
Innervation: ventral rami of C3-C4 and dorsal scapular nerve
Action: elevates scapula medially, inferiorly rotates glenoid cavity
Blood supply: dorsal scapular artery, transverse cervical artery, ascending cervical artery
Rhomboid major
Origin: spinous process of T2-T5
Insertion: medial border of scapula below base of spine of scapula
Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve
Action: fixes scapula to thoracic wall and retracts and rotates it to depress glenoid cavity
Blood supply: dorsal scapullar artery
Rhomboid minor
Origin: ligamentum nuchae, spines of C7 and T1 vertebrae
Insertion: medial border of scapula at spine of scapula
Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve
Action: fixes scapula to thoracic wall and retracts and rotates it to depress glenoid cavity
Blood supply: dorsal scapullar artery
Trapezius
Origin: superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T12
Insertion: lateral third of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
Innervation: accessory nerve (CN XI)
Action: elevates, retracts, and rotates scapula; lower fibers depress scapula
Blood supply: transverse cervical artery
