Back

Question 1

What are the movements of the spine?

Answer 1

extension (cervical and lumbar)
flexion (cervical and lumbar)
lateral flexion (cervical and lumber)
rotation (cervical and thoracic)

Question 2

How many layers of back muscles are there and what are they called?

Answer 2

3: superficial, intermediate and deep

Question 3

What muscles are in the superficial layer? Which of these are the most superficial?

Answer 3

trapezius, latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, major and minor rhomboids.
trapezius and latissimus dorsi are the most superficial (the other 3 lie deep to the trapezius)

Question 4

Which part of the body do the superficial back muscles move?

Answer 4

the upper limb - although the origins of these muscles are in the back, they are not involved in movement of the vertebral column

Question 5

What are the attachments of the trapezius?

Answer 5

midline: cervical and thoracic spinous processes
superiorly: occipital bone
laterally: spine of the scapula
anteriorly: clavicle