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Question 1

Which movement is bending forward?

Answer 1

flexion

Question 2

Which movement is leaning back?

Answer 2

extension

Question 3

Which movement is leaning to one side?

Answer 3

lateral flexion

Question 4

What muscles allow for flexion of vertebral column?

Answer 4

abdominal wall muscles

Question 5

Which group of muscles are paravertebral?

Answer 5

erector spinae muscles

Question 6

How many vertebrae are there in total?

Answer 6

33

Question 7

What are the normal curvatures of the spine?

Answer 7

cervical lordosis
thoracic kyphosis
lumbar lordosis
sacral kyphosis

Question 8

What is scoliosis?

Answer 8

abnormal S shaped curvature of spine

Question 9

Which vertebra contains the odontoid process?

Answer 9

C2

Question 10

What joint does C2 form to make and to do what?

Answer 10

atlanto-axial joint

shaking head

Question 11

What joint does C1 form and what does this do?

Answer 11

joins with occipital bone to form atlanto-occipital joint

for nodding head

Question 12

What is the vertebral artery a branch of?

Answer 12

subclavian artery

Question 13

What is a unique feature of the cervical vertebrae?

Answer 13

transverse foramen

for vertebral artery

Question 14

What is a unique feature of the thoracic vertebrae?

Answer 14

facets on body and transverse processes for articulation with ribs

Question 15

What type of joints are fact joints?

Answer 15

synovial

Question 16

What type of joints are the joints between vertebral bodies?

Answer 16

cartilaginous

Question 17

Name the ligaments in the vertebral column.

Answer 17

posterior longitudinal ligament
anterior longitudinal ligament
ligamentum flavum
supraspinous ligament
interspinous ligament

Question 18

Which ligament is between laminae?

Answer 18

ligamentum flavum

Question 19

What is a prolapsed intervertebral disc also known as?

Answer 19

slipped disc

Question 20

What does each pair of spinal nerves carry?

Answer 20

somatic motor
somatic sensory
sympathetic

Question 21

Which spinal nerves also carry parasympathetic nerve fibres for very short distances?

Answer 21

sacral spinal nerves

Question 22

Is it the anterior or posterior rami which form the plexuses?

Answer 22

anterior

Question 23

List the 3 layers of meninges that the spinal cord is covered in from inside to out.

Answer 23

pia mater
arachnoid mater
dura mater

Question 24

What space is the location of needle tip for sampling CSF in lumbar puncture?

Answer 24

subarachnoid space

Question 25

What space is the location of needle tip for anaesthesia?

Answer 25

epidural space