Back Flashcards
Which movement is bending forward?
flexion
Which movement is leaning back?
extension
Which movement is leaning to one side?
lateral flexion
What muscles allow for flexion of vertebral column?
abdominal wall muscles
Which group of muscles are paravertebral?
erector spinae muscles
How many vertebrae are there in total?
33
What are the normal curvatures of the spine?
cervical lordosis
thoracic kyphosis
lumbar lordosis
sacral kyphosis
What is scoliosis?
abnormal S shaped curvature of spine
Which vertebra contains the odontoid process?
C2
What joint does C2 form to make and to do what?
atlanto-axial joint
shaking head
What joint does C1 form and what does this do?
joins with occipital bone to form atlanto-occipital joint
for nodding head
What is the vertebral artery a branch of?
subclavian artery
What is a unique feature of the cervical vertebrae?
transverse foramen
for vertebral artery
What is a unique feature of the thoracic vertebrae?
facets on body and transverse processes for articulation with ribs
What type of joints are fact joints?
synovial
What type of joints are the joints between vertebral bodies?
cartilaginous
Name the ligaments in the vertebral column.
posterior longitudinal ligament anterior longitudinal ligament ligamentum flavum supraspinous ligament interspinous ligament
Which ligament is between laminae?
ligamentum flavum
What is a prolapsed intervertebral disc also known as?
slipped disc
What does each pair of spinal nerves carry?
somatic motor
somatic sensory
sympathetic
Which spinal nerves also carry parasympathetic nerve fibres for very short distances?
sacral spinal nerves
Is it the anterior or posterior rami which form the plexuses?
anterior
List the 3 layers of meninges that the spinal cord is covered in from inside to out.
pia mater
arachnoid mater
dura mater
What space is the location of needle tip for sampling CSF in lumbar puncture?
subarachnoid space
What space is the location of needle tip for anaesthesia?
epidural space
