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0
Q

trapezius- lateral attachment

A

lateral third of clavicle acromion and spine of scapula

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1
Q

trapezius- medial attachment

A

medial third superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberence, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of c7-t12

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2
Q

trapezius- innervaton

A

spinal accessory nerve (CN XI; motor fibers) C3 C4 (pain and propriceptive fibers

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3
Q

trapezius- main action

A

descending (superior) part elevates, ascending (inferior) part depresses, middle part (all parts together) retracts scapula; descending and ascending parts act together to rotate glenoid cavity superiorly

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4
Q

latissimus dosi- medial attachment

A

spinous process of inferior six thoracic vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inferior three or four ribs

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5
Q

latissimus dorsi- lateral attachment

A

floor of intertubercular sulcus (groove) of humerus

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6
Q

latissimus dorsi- innervation

A

thoracodorsal nerve (C6, C7, C8)

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7
Q

latissimus dorsi- main action

A

extends, adducts, and medially rotates shoulder joint; raises body toward arms during climbing

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8
Q

levator scapulae- medial attachment

A

posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C4

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9
Q

levator scapulae- lateral attachment

A

medial border of scapula superior to root of spine

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10
Q

levator scapulae- innervation

A

dorsal scapular (C5) and cervical (C3-C4) spinal nerves

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11
Q

levator scapulae- main actions

A

elevates scapula and tilts its glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula

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12
Q

rhomboids- medial attachment

A

minor- nuchal ligament; spinous processes of C7 and T1

major- spinous processes of T2-T5

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13
Q

rhomboids- lateral attachment

A

minor- triangular area at medial end of scapular spine

major- medial border of scapula from level of spine to inferior angle

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14
Q

levator scapulae insertion

A

superior angle of the scapula

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15
Q

splenius-insertion

A

splenius capitis- fibers run superolaterally to mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral third of superior nuchal line of occipital bone
splenius cervicis- tubercies off transverse processes of c1-c3 or c4

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16
Q

splenius- nerve supply

A

posterior rami of spinal cord

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17
Q

splenius- action

A

alone- laterally flex neck and rotate head to side of active muscles
together- extend head and neck

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18
Q

erector spinae- 3 parts

A

iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis

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19
Q

erector spinae- origin

A

broad tendon from posterior part of illiac crest, posterior surface of sacrum, sacro-iliac ligaments, sacral and inferior lumbar spinous processes, and supraspinous ligament

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20
Q

iliocostalis- insertion

A

(lumborum, thoracis, and cervicis) fibers run superiorly to angles of lower ribs and cervical transverse processes

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21
Q

longissimus-insertion

A

(thoracis, cervicis, and capitis) fibers run superior to ribs bw tubercles and angles to transverse processess in thoracic and cervical regions and to the mastoid process of temporal bone

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22
Q

spinalis-insertions

A

(thoracis, cervicis, and capitis) fibers run superiorly to spinous processes in upper thoracic region and to cranium

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23
Q

erector spinae-nerve supply

A

posterior rami of spinal nerve

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24
erector spinae-action
acting bilaterally- extend vertebral column and head; as back is flexed, control movement by gradually lengthening their fibers acting unilaterally- laterally flex vertebral column
25
Rhomboids- innervation
Dorsal scapular nerve (C4 to C5)
26
Rhomboids- action
act to steady the scapula, as well as to draw it medially upward
27
semispinalis-origin
transverse processes of c4-t10
28
splenius-origin
nuchal ligament and spinous processes of c7-t6
29
obliquus capitis inferior-origin
spinous process of C2
30
obliquus capitis superior-origin
c1 transveerse process
31
rectus capitis posterior major-origin
c2 spinous process
32
rectus capitis posterior minor-origin
c1 posterior tubercles
32
conus medullaris
end of the spinal cord typically ending at l1 or l2
32
cauda equina
the bundle of spinal nerve roots running inferiorly to the spinal cord
33
Sternocleidomastoid
lateral surface of mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral half of superior nuchal line
34
anterior scalene-origin
anterior tubrecles of transverse processes of c3-c6
35
middle scalene-origin
posterior tubercles of transverse processes of c4-c7
36
posterior scalene-medial attachment
origin- posterior tubercles of transverse processes of c4-c6
37
multifidus-origin
posterior sacrum; posterior superior iliac spine, aponeurosis of erector spinae, sacro-iliac ligaments, mammillary process of lumbar vertebrae, transverse processes of thoracic vert., articular process c4-c7
38
rotators-origin
transverse processes of vertebrae; are best developed in thoracic region
39
filum terminale
the slender threadlike prolongation of the spinal cord below the origin of the lumbar nerves : the last portion of the pia mater
40
semispinalis-insertion
fibers run superomedially to occipital bone and spinous processes in upper thoracic and cervical regions, spanning four to six segments
41
semispinalis-innervation
posterior rami of spinal nerve
42
semispinalis-action
extends head and thoracic and cervical regions of vertebral column and rotates them contralaterally
43
Obliquus capitis inferior-insertion
the transverse process of C1
44
Obliques capitis inferior-innervation
C1 (posterior ramus = suboccipital nerve)
45
Obliquss capitis inferior-action
action-bilateral: extends the head, uni; rotates head to same side
46
Obliquss capitis superior-insertion
occipital bone( inferior nuchal line, middle third, above rectus capitis posterior major
47
Obliquss capitis superior- innervation
c1 posterior ramus=suboccipital nerve
48
Obliquss capitis superior-action
bi:extends head uni: tilts head same side; rotates to opposit side
49
Rectus capitis posterior major-insertion
occipital bone (inferior nuchal line, middle third)
50
Rectus capitis posterior major-innervation
c1 posterior ramus=sub-occipital nerve
51
Rectus capitis posterior major-action
bi: extends head uni: rotates head to same side
52
Rectus capitis posterior minor-insertion
occipital bone (inferior nuchal line, inner third)
53
Rectus capitis posterior minor-innervation
c1 posterior ramus=sub-occipital nerve
54
Rectus capitis posterior minor-action
bi: extends head uni: rotates head to same side
55
Sternocleidomastoid-insertion
sternal head:anterior surface of manubrium of sternum clavicular head:superior surface of medial third of clavical
56
Sternocleidomastoid-innervation
spinal accessory nerve (CN XI; motor), C2 and c3 nerves (pain and proprioception)
57
Sternocleidomastoid-action
uni: tilts head to same side and rotates it so face is turned superiorly towards opposite side Bi: extends neck at atlantooccipital joints, flexes cervical vertebrae so that the chin approaches manubrium or extends superior cervical vertebrae while flexing inferior vertebrae so chin is thrust foward with head kept level
58
Anterior scalene-insertion
1st rib
59
Anterior scalene-innervation
cervial spinal nerves c4-c6
60
Anterior scalene-action
flexes neck laterally; elevates 1st rib during forced inspiration
61
Middle scalene-insertion
inferior att- superior surface of 1st rib; posterior to groove for subclavian artery
62
Middle scalene-innervation
anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves
63
Middle scalene-action
flexes neck laterally; elevates 1st rib during forced inspiration
64
Posterior scalene-insertion
inferior att- external border of 2nd rib
65
Posterior scalene- innervation
anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves c7 and c8
66
Posterior interior-action
flexes neck laterally; elevates 2nd rib during forced inspiration
67
Multifidus-insertion
thickest in lumbar region, fibers pass obliquely superomedially to entire length of spinous processes of vertebrae located 2-4 segments superior to origin
68
Multifidus-innervation
posterior rami of spinal nerve
69
Multifidus-action
unilateral contraction rotates to contralateral side; stabilizes vertebrae during local movements of vertebral column
70
Rotators-insertion
fibers pass superomedially to attach to junction of lamina and transverse process or spinous process of vertebrae immediately (bervis) or two segments (longus) superior to vertebra of origin
71
Rotators-innervation
posterior rami of spinal nerve
72
Rotators-action
may function as organs of proprioception; possibly stabilize vertebrae and assist with local extention and rotary movements of vertebral column
73
lateral cervical triangle- posterior boarder
anterior boarder of the trapezius
74
lateral cervical triangle- superior boarder
merging of the traps and SCM
75
lateral cervical triangle- inferior boarder
clavicle (bw SCM and traps)
76
lateral cervical triangle- roof
investing layer of deep cervical fascia, platysma
77
lateral cervical triangle- floor
prevertebral fascia overlaying splenius capitis, leventor scapulae, middle and posterior scalene
78
anterior cervical triangle- anterior boarder
median line of neck
79
anterior cervical triangle- posterior boarder
anterior boarder of SCM
80
anterior cervical triangle- superior boarder
inferior boarder of mandible
81
anterior cervical triangle- inferior boarder
superior sternum
82
anterior cervical triangle- roof
subcutaneous tissue; platysma
83
anterior cervical triangle- floor
pharynx, larynx, thyroid gland
123
lateral cervical triangle- anterior boarder
posterior boarder of SCM

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