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0
Q

trapezius- lateral attachment

A

lateral third of clavicle acromion and spine of scapula

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1
Q

trapezius- medial attachment

A

medial third superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberence, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of c7-t12

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2
Q

trapezius- innervaton

A

spinal accessory nerve (CN XI; motor fibers) C3 C4 (pain and propriceptive fibers

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3
Q

trapezius- main action

A

descending (superior) part elevates, ascending (inferior) part depresses, middle part (all parts together) retracts scapula; descending and ascending parts act together to rotate glenoid cavity superiorly

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4
Q

latissimus dosi- medial attachment

A

spinous process of inferior six thoracic vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inferior three or four ribs

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5
Q

latissimus dorsi- lateral attachment

A

floor of intertubercular sulcus (groove) of humerus

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6
Q

latissimus dorsi- innervation

A

thoracodorsal nerve (C6, C7, C8)

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7
Q

latissimus dorsi- main action

A

extends, adducts, and medially rotates shoulder joint; raises body toward arms during climbing

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8
Q

levator scapulae- medial attachment

A

posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C4

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9
Q

levator scapulae- lateral attachment

A

medial border of scapula superior to root of spine

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10
Q

levator scapulae- innervation

A

dorsal scapular (C5) and cervical (C3-C4) spinal nerves

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11
Q

levator scapulae- main actions

A

elevates scapula and tilts its glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula

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12
Q

rhomboids- medial attachment

A

minor- nuchal ligament; spinous processes of C7 and T1

major- spinous processes of T2-T5

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13
Q

rhomboids- lateral attachment

A

minor- triangular area at medial end of scapular spine

major- medial border of scapula from level of spine to inferior angle

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14
Q

levator scapulae insertion

A

superior angle of the scapula

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15
Q

splenius-insertion

A

splenius capitis- fibers run superolaterally to mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral third of superior nuchal line of occipital bone
splenius cervicis- tubercies off transverse processes of c1-c3 or c4

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16
Q

splenius- nerve supply

A

posterior rami of spinal cord

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17
Q

splenius- action

A

alone- laterally flex neck and rotate head to side of active muscles
together- extend head and neck

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18
Q

erector spinae- 3 parts

A

iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis

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19
Q

erector spinae- origin

A

broad tendon from posterior part of illiac crest, posterior surface of sacrum, sacro-iliac ligaments, sacral and inferior lumbar spinous processes, and supraspinous ligament

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20
Q

iliocostalis- insertion

A

(lumborum, thoracis, and cervicis) fibers run superiorly to angles of lower ribs and cervical transverse processes

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21
Q

longissimus-insertion

A

(thoracis, cervicis, and capitis) fibers run superior to ribs bw tubercles and angles to transverse processess in thoracic and cervical regions and to the mastoid process of temporal bone

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22
Q

spinalis-insertions

A

(thoracis, cervicis, and capitis) fibers run superiorly to spinous processes in upper thoracic region and to cranium

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23
Q

erector spinae-nerve supply

A

posterior rami of spinal nerve

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24
Q

erector spinae-action

A

acting bilaterally- extend vertebral column and head; as back is flexed, control movement by gradually lengthening their fibers
acting unilaterally- laterally flex vertebral column

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25
Q

Rhomboids- innervation

A

Dorsal scapular nerve (C4 to C5)

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26
Q

Rhomboids- action

A

act to steady the scapula, as well as to draw it medially upward

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27
Q

semispinalis-origin

A

transverse processes of c4-t10

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28
Q

splenius-origin

A

nuchal ligament and spinous processes of c7-t6

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29
Q

obliquus capitis inferior-origin

A

spinous process of C2

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30
Q

obliquus capitis superior-origin

A

c1 transveerse process

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31
Q

rectus capitis posterior major-origin

A

c2 spinous process

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32
Q

rectus capitis posterior minor-origin

A

c1 posterior tubercles

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32
Q

conus medullaris

A

end of the spinal cord typically ending at l1 or l2

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32
Q

cauda equina

A

the bundle of spinal nerve roots running inferiorly to the spinal cord

33
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

lateral surface of mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral half of superior nuchal line

34
Q

anterior scalene-origin

A

anterior tubrecles of transverse processes of c3-c6

35
Q

middle scalene-origin

A

posterior tubercles of transverse processes of c4-c7

36
Q

posterior scalene-medial attachment

A

origin- posterior tubercles of transverse processes of c4-c6

37
Q

multifidus-origin

A

posterior sacrum; posterior superior iliac spine, aponeurosis of erector spinae, sacro-iliac ligaments, mammillary process of lumbar vertebrae, transverse processes of thoracic vert., articular process c4-c7

38
Q

rotators-origin

A

transverse processes of vertebrae; are best developed in thoracic region

39
Q

filum terminale

A

the slender threadlike prolongation of the spinal cord below the origin of the lumbar nerves : the last portion of the pia mater

40
Q

semispinalis-insertion

A

fibers run superomedially to occipital bone and spinous processes in upper thoracic and cervical regions, spanning four to six segments

41
Q

semispinalis-innervation

A

posterior rami of spinal nerve

42
Q

semispinalis-action

A

extends head and thoracic and cervical regions of vertebral column and rotates them contralaterally

43
Q

Obliquus capitis inferior-insertion

A

the transverse process of C1

44
Q

Obliques capitis inferior-innervation

A

C1 (posterior ramus = suboccipital nerve)

45
Q

Obliquss capitis inferior-action

A

action-bilateral: extends the head, uni; rotates head to same side

46
Q

Obliquss capitis superior-insertion

A

occipital bone( inferior nuchal line, middle third, above rectus capitis posterior major

47
Q

Obliquss capitis superior- innervation

A

c1 posterior ramus=suboccipital nerve

48
Q

Obliquss capitis superior-action

A

bi:extends head uni: tilts head same side; rotates to opposit side

49
Q

Rectus capitis posterior major-insertion

A

occipital bone (inferior nuchal line, middle third)

50
Q

Rectus capitis posterior major-innervation

A

c1 posterior ramus=sub-occipital nerve

51
Q

Rectus capitis posterior major-action

A

bi: extends head uni: rotates head to same side

52
Q

Rectus capitis posterior minor-insertion

A

occipital bone (inferior nuchal line, inner third)

53
Q

Rectus capitis posterior minor-innervation

A

c1 posterior ramus=sub-occipital nerve

54
Q

Rectus capitis posterior minor-action

A

bi: extends head uni: rotates head to same side

55
Q

Sternocleidomastoid-insertion

A

sternal head:anterior surface of manubrium of sternum clavicular head:superior surface of medial third of clavical

56
Q

Sternocleidomastoid-innervation

A

spinal accessory nerve (CN XI; motor), C2 and c3 nerves (pain and proprioception)

57
Q

Sternocleidomastoid-action

A

uni: tilts head to same side and rotates it so face is turned superiorly towards opposite side Bi: extends neck at atlantooccipital joints, flexes cervical vertebrae so that the chin approaches manubrium or extends superior cervical vertebrae while flexing inferior vertebrae so chin is thrust foward with head kept level

58
Q

Anterior scalene-insertion

A

1st rib

59
Q

Anterior scalene-innervation

A

cervial spinal nerves c4-c6

60
Q

Anterior scalene-action

A

flexes neck laterally; elevates 1st rib during forced inspiration

61
Q

Middle scalene-insertion

A

inferior att- superior surface of 1st rib; posterior to groove for subclavian artery

62
Q

Middle scalene-innervation

A

anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves

63
Q

Middle scalene-action

A

flexes neck laterally; elevates 1st rib during forced inspiration

64
Q

Posterior scalene-insertion

A

inferior att- external border of 2nd rib

65
Q

Posterior scalene- innervation

A

anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves c7 and c8

66
Q

Posterior interior-action

A

flexes neck laterally; elevates 2nd rib during forced inspiration

67
Q

Multifidus-insertion

A

thickest in lumbar region, fibers pass obliquely superomedially to entire length of spinous processes of vertebrae located 2-4 segments superior to origin

68
Q

Multifidus-innervation

A

posterior rami of spinal nerve

69
Q

Multifidus-action

A

unilateral contraction rotates to contralateral side; stabilizes vertebrae during local movements of vertebral column

70
Q

Rotators-insertion

A

fibers pass superomedially to attach to junction of lamina and transverse process or spinous process of vertebrae immediately (bervis) or two segments (longus) superior to vertebra of origin

71
Q

Rotators-innervation

A

posterior rami of spinal nerve

72
Q

Rotators-action

A

may function as organs of proprioception; possibly stabilize vertebrae and assist with local extention and rotary movements of vertebral column

73
Q

lateral cervical triangle- posterior boarder

A

anterior boarder of the trapezius

74
Q

lateral cervical triangle- superior boarder

A

merging of the traps and SCM

75
Q

lateral cervical triangle- inferior boarder

A

clavicle (bw SCM and traps)

76
Q

lateral cervical triangle- roof

A

investing layer of deep cervical fascia, platysma

77
Q

lateral cervical triangle- floor

A

prevertebral fascia overlaying splenius capitis, leventor scapulae, middle and posterior scalene

78
Q

anterior cervical triangle- anterior boarder

A

median line of neck

79
Q

anterior cervical triangle- posterior boarder

A

anterior boarder of SCM

80
Q

anterior cervical triangle- superior boarder

A

inferior boarder of mandible

81
Q

anterior cervical triangle- inferior boarder

A

superior sternum

82
Q

anterior cervical triangle- roof

A

subcutaneous tissue; platysma

83
Q

anterior cervical triangle- floor

A

pharynx, larynx, thyroid gland

123
Q

lateral cervical triangle- anterior boarder

A

posterior boarder of SCM

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