Back 1

Question 1

Fused spinous processes

Answer 1

Median sacral crest

Question 2

Articular process fused

Answer 2

Intermediate sacral crest

Question 3

Fused transverse processes

Answer 3

Lateral sacral crest

Question 4

Exit of the rami of 1st 4 sacral nerves (sacral foramina)

Answer 4

Sacral promontory

Question 5

Gliding movements between articular processes

Answer 5

Zygapophysial joint

Question 6

Gliding movements between articular processes

Answer 6

Zygapophysial joint

Question 7

1 spinous process + 2 transverse processes + 4 articular processes (facet)

Answer 7

7 vertebral arch processes

Question 8

1 spinous process + 2 transverse processes + 4 articular processes (facet)

Answer 8

7 vertebral arch processes

Question 9

Abnormal lateral curvature (hemivertebra)

Answer 9

Scoliosis

Question 10

Cervical & lumbar (pathology) curve concave posteriorly (secondary, infancy)

Answer 10

Lordoses

Question 11

Thoracic (pathology) & sacral curve concave anteriorly (primary, fetal)

Answer 11

Kyphoses

Question 12

Between dens & anterior arch & transverse lig of atlas (nod no)

Answer 12

Median atlantoaxial joint

Question 13

Between c1 & occipital condyle (nod yes)

Answer 13

Atlantooccipital joints

Question 14

Not in IV disc c1 & c2

Answer 14

Synovial joints

Question 15

Joining ligs are interspinous (weak) & supraspinous (strong, nuchal merge)

Answer 15

Adjacent spinous processes

Question 16

Resist separation of the vertebral laminae by arresting abrupt flexion & IV discs injury

Answer 16

Ligamenta flava

Question 17

Prevents hyperflexion & posterior disc herniation

Answer 17

Posterior longitudinal lig

Question 18

Limits extension of the vertebral column

Answer 18

Anterior longitudinal lig

Question 19

Bodies of c3-c6 inferolateral surface UNCUS Lusaka

Answer 19

Spur location

Question 20

Inferior spinal cord is opposite the IV disc L2 & L3

Answer 20

Newborn spine

Question 21

Spinal cord ends opposite the IV disc between L1&L2

Answer 21

Adult spine

Question 22

C4-T1, the anterior rami from brachial plexus

Answer 22

Cervical enlargement

Question 23

L1-S3, the anterior rami from lumbar & sacral plexus

Answer 23

Lumbosacral enlargement

Question 24

The conus medullaris & lumbosacral enlargement in the lumbar cistern (subarachnoid space)

Answer 24

Cauda equina

Question 25

How spinal nerve roots descend

Answer 25

Progressive obliquity

Question 26

Pia mater that descends in the cuada equina with spinal nerve roots

Answer 26

Filum terminale internum

Question 27

Where the Filum terminale penetrates the inferior end of the dural sac and passes through the sacral hiatus and attach ultimately to the coccyx posterior

Answer 27

Filum terminale externum

Question 28

Space separating the spinal dura matter & vertebrae forming a dural sac in the vertebral canal

Answer 28

Extradural space

Question 29

Continuous spinal dural sac

Answer 29

Cranial dura mater

Question 30

Lines dural sac & dural root sheaths

Answer 30

Spinal arachnoid mater

Question 31

Suspends the spinal cord on each side of the spinal cord

Answer 31

Denticulate lig

Question 32

Posterolaterally poor annulus support and the nucleus pulposus spills out

Answer 32

Herniation

Question 33

L4-L5 affects L5

Answer 33

Lumbar herniation

Question 34

Superficial & intermediate muscle control limb & lungs by anterior rami

Answer 34

Extrinsic back muscles

Question 35

Control vertebral column by posterior rami

Answer 35

Intrinsic back muscles

Question 36

Iliocostalis -> longissimus -> spinalis ❤️

Answer 36

Erector spinae

Question 37

C2 tubercle - inferior nuchal line (c1 innervation)

Answer 37

Rectus capitis posterior major

Question 38

C1 spinous process - 3rd & inferior nuchal line (C1 innervation)

Answer 38

Rectus capitis posterior minor

Question 39

C1 transverse process - superior & inferior nuchal line (c1 innervation)

Answer 39

Obliquus capitis superior

Question 40

Supraspinous lig -> interspinous lig -> ligamentum flavum -> dura mater -> arachnoid mater

Answer 40

Lig layers

Question 41

Semispinalis -> multifidus -> rotatores 4 seg

Answer 41

Deep back muscles

Question 42

Afferent back - skin, deep tissue, viscera, subcutaneous

Answer 42

Posterior root

Question 43

Afferent back - skin, deep tissue, viscera, subcutaneous

Answer 43

Posterior root

Question 44

A projecting inferior guide to the sacral hiatus

Answer 44

Sacral cornua

Question 45

Leads to sacral canal

Answer 45

Sacral hiatus ( lumbar cistern )

Question 46

Superior & inferior vertebral notch combo with ganglia

Answer 46

Intervertebral foramina