Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Listeria Flashcards by Mary Joseph Miranda

Most impt feature of bacillus anthracis

Spore forming

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DRY GROUND GLASS surface and irregular edges with projections along lines of inoculation

Medusa head morphology

**seen on bacillus anthracis

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Habitat and transmission of bacillus anthracis

Habitat: soil
Transmission: CONTACT with infected animals or INHALATION of spores from animal hair and wool (woolsorter’s dse)

**zoonosis!!!!

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Used as an agent of bioterrorism using anthrax spores

Woolsorter’s disease (AKA Anthrax)

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Composition of the anti-phagocytic capsule of bacillus anthracis

Protein: POLY-D-GLUTAMATE

***all bacterial capsule are made up of CARBOHYDRATES except for bacillus anthracis

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Virulence factor for B. anthracis which is calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase responsible for CELLULAR SWELLING

Edema factor!

Edema nga diba?! Swelling!!! :))))))))
*** adenylate cyclase activity is responsible for the fluid accumulation observed in anthrax (murray). Oh ayan alam mo na bat may swelling?:))

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Virulence factor(VF) for B. Anthracis responsible for inhibition of signal transduction protein involved in cell division causes CELL DEATH or NECROSIS

Lethal factor(LF)

** lethal nga diba, nakakamatay!!!! :))))

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VF for B. Anthracis which mediates the ENTRY of the other components in to the cell

Protective antigen (PA)

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Exotoxin responsible for BINDING

B sub unit exotoxins

B for Binding
** Protective Antigen (PA) responsible for BINDING to the receptor

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Exotoxin responsible for ACTIVITY or ACTION

A subunit exotoxins

*** EF AND LF responsible for the activity

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Box car like rods

Bacillus anthracis

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If the LF is the one that enters the cell and binds to the PA donut it will now be called…

Lethal toxin

** of course kasama si LETHAL FACTOR kaya LETHAL!!!:)))))
** They causes cell necrosis and inhibit activity of DNA

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If EF binds to PA donut, this is called…

Edema toxins

***causes swelling

***of course may EDEMA FACTOR kaya may swelling!!!!:))))

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Most immunogenic major protein of B.anthracis

Protective Antigen (PA) 
***hence the name.:)

**kasi naman si LF and EF inhibit the host’s innate immune system

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What activity of lethal toxin stimulates macrophages to release TNF-a and IL-1B and other pro inflammatory cytokines

Zinc metalloprotease activity of lethal toxin

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Characterized by MALIGNANT PUSTULE with subsequent ESCHAR and CENTRAL necrosis

CUTANEOUS ANTHRAX

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Mode of transmission (MOT) for cutaneous anthrax

DIRECT epidermal contact with spores

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What toxin causes cutaneous anthrax

Lethal toxin

**kaya nga may central necrosis diba?!!!:)))

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MOT of inhalational anthrax

INHALATION of spores from animals (woolsorter’s dse) or from weaponized preparations (bioterrorism)

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Latency period of inhalational anthrax

2 months

**PROLONGED LATENCY PERIOD

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Characterized by massive ENLARGED MEDIASTINAL LYMPH NODES, pulmonary hemorrhage and meningeal symptoms

Inhalational anthrax

***100 % mortality :( :( :(

Characterized by UGI ulceration, edema and sepsis (rapid-progressive course)

Gastrointestinal anthrax

***100% mortality rate 😟😟😟😟😟😟

DOC for cutaneous anthrax

Ciprofloxacin

DOC for inhalational and GI anthrax

Ciprofloxacin or doxycycline with one or two additional antibiotics

***please refer to trans #3 page 2 for the additional antibiotics:)

Characteristics of bacillus cereus

S-pore forming rod P-ositive (gram positive) A-erobic M-otile remember SPAM!

Habitat and transmission of B.cereus

Grains(rice, survive steaming and rapid frying) Reheated fried rice(spore germinate when rice is kept warm for many hours) *Food poisoning from reheated fried rice??? Be SERIOUS!! Bacillus cereus 🙀🙀🙀

Cholera-like enterotoxin causes ADP-ribosylation, increasing cAMP

Heat labile enterotoxin

TRUE or FALSE: | Heat labile enterotoxin causes emetic form of diarrhea

False!!!!! Heat Labile: DIARRHEAL form Heat stable: EMETIC form

Staphylococcal-like enterotoxin function as superantigen

Heat stable like enterotoxin

T or F: | Emetic form has shorter incubation period

True.:) Emetic form: short(4hours), n/v, similar with staph-food poisoning Diarrheal form: long (18hours), watery, non bloody, resembles clostridial gastroenteritis

Complete loss of light perception within 48 hours of the injury after traumatic penetrating eye injuries of the eye with soil contaminated object

Opthalmitis

Comma ahaped rods arrange in V or L shape, looks like a chinese characters

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Toxigenecity of corynebacterium diphtheriae can be detected using...

Modified elek test

Habitat and transmission of C.diptheriae

Habitat: human throat MOT: via respiratory droplets

It inhibits protein synthesis by adding ADP-ribose to elongation factor-2

EXOTOXIN

EXOTOXIN is encoded by

B-prophage

______ result from death of mucosal epithelial cells

Pseudomembranes

Its presence explains the cardiac and neurologic symptoms observed in patients with severe diphtheria

Heparin binding epidermal growth factor. ***receptor for toxin present on surface of many eukaryotic cells(heart and nerve cells)

Complication of pseudomembranous pharyngitis

Airway obstruction Myocarditis CN and or muscle paralysis

Treatment for diptheria

Antitoxin and Pen-G ***prevention is toxoid vaccine (DTaP)

Non-spore forming, gram positive rods with TUMBLING MOTILITY in saline suspensions

Listeria monocytogenes

Habitat and transmission of listeria

GI and female GUT | MOT: cross PLACENTA or CONTACT during delivery; UNPASTEURIZED MILK products

Risk individual for listeria

very YOUNG very OLD IMMUNOCOMPROMISED

Interacts with E-cadherin on cell surface and serve as an ATTACHMENT to host cells

Internalin

Allows listeria to ESCAPE from phagosome

ListerioLYSIN

PROPELS the bacteria through the membrane of one human cell and into other

Actin ROCKETS

Characterized by LATE MISCARRIAGE or birth complicated by sepsis, multiorgan abscesses and disseminated granulomas

Early onset neonatal listeriosis | Granulomatosis infantiseptica

Transmitted during childbirth and manifest as MENINGITIS or MENINGOENCEPHALITIS

Late onset neonatal listeriosis

Treatment and prevention for listeria

Ampicillin with or without gentamicin | Prevention: pregnant and immunocompromised should not ingest UNPASTEURIZED MILK PRODUCTS or RAW VEGETABLES

Infection of traumatized skin in an individual who was in DIRECT CONTACT with meat or other animal products cause by ERYSIPELOID

Erysipeloid rhusiopathiae