Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Listeria Flashcards
Most impt feature of bacillus anthracis
Spore forming
DRY GROUND GLASS surface and irregular edges with projections along lines of inoculation
Medusa head morphology
**seen on bacillus anthracis
Habitat and transmission of bacillus anthracis
Habitat: soil
Transmission: CONTACT with infected animals or INHALATION of spores from animal hair and wool (woolsorter’s dse)
**zoonosis!!!!
Used as an agent of bioterrorism using anthrax spores
Woolsorter’s disease (AKA Anthrax)
Composition of the anti-phagocytic capsule of bacillus anthracis
Protein: POLY-D-GLUTAMATE
***all bacterial capsule are made up of CARBOHYDRATES except for bacillus anthracis
Virulence factor for B. anthracis which is calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase responsible for CELLULAR SWELLING
Edema factor!
Edema nga diba?! Swelling!!! :))))))))
*** adenylate cyclase activity is responsible for the fluid accumulation observed in anthrax (murray). Oh ayan alam mo na bat may swelling?:))
Virulence factor(VF) for B. Anthracis responsible for inhibition of signal transduction protein involved in cell division causes CELL DEATH or NECROSIS
Lethal factor(LF)
** lethal nga diba, nakakamatay!!!! :))))
VF for B. Anthracis which mediates the ENTRY of the other components in to the cell
Protective antigen (PA)
Exotoxin responsible for BINDING
B sub unit exotoxins
B for Binding
** Protective Antigen (PA) responsible for BINDING to the receptor
Exotoxin responsible for ACTIVITY or ACTION
A subunit exotoxins
*** EF AND LF responsible for the activity
Box car like rods
Bacillus anthracis
If the LF is the one that enters the cell and binds to the PA donut it will now be called…
Lethal toxin
- ** of course kasama si LETHAL FACTOR kaya LETHAL!!!:)))))
- ** They causes cell necrosis and inhibit activity of DNA
If EF binds to PA donut, this is called…
Edema toxins
***causes swelling
***of course may EDEMA FACTOR kaya may swelling!!!!:))))
Most immunogenic major protein of B.anthracis
Protective Antigen (PA) ***hence the name.:)
**kasi naman si LF and EF inhibit the host’s innate immune system
What activity of lethal toxin stimulates macrophages to release TNF-a and IL-1B and other pro inflammatory cytokines
Zinc metalloprotease activity of lethal toxin
Characterized by MALIGNANT PUSTULE with subsequent ESCHAR and CENTRAL necrosis
CUTANEOUS ANTHRAX
Mode of transmission (MOT) for cutaneous anthrax
DIRECT epidermal contact with spores
What toxin causes cutaneous anthrax
Lethal toxin
**kaya nga may central necrosis diba?!!!:)))
MOT of inhalational anthrax
INHALATION of spores from animals (woolsorter’s dse) or from weaponized preparations (bioterrorism)
Latency period of inhalational anthrax
2 months
**PROLONGED LATENCY PERIOD
Characterized by massive ENLARGED MEDIASTINAL LYMPH NODES, pulmonary hemorrhage and meningeal symptoms
Inhalational anthrax
***100 % mortality :( :( :(
Characterized by UGI ulceration, edema and sepsis (rapid-progressive course)
Gastrointestinal anthrax
***100% mortality rate 😟😟😟😟😟😟
DOC for cutaneous anthrax
Ciprofloxacin
DOC for inhalational and GI anthrax
Ciprofloxacin or doxycycline with one or two additional antibiotics
***please refer to trans #3 page 2 for the additional antibiotics:)
Characteristics of bacillus cereus
S-pore forming rod
P-ositive (gram positive)
A-erobic
M-otile
remember SPAM!
Habitat and transmission of B.cereus
Grains(rice, survive steaming and rapid frying)
Reheated fried rice(spore germinate when rice is kept warm for many hours)
*Food poisoning from reheated fried rice???
Be SERIOUS!! Bacillus cereus 🙀🙀🙀
Cholera-like enterotoxin causes ADP-ribosylation, increasing cAMP
Heat labile enterotoxin
TRUE or FALSE:
Heat labile enterotoxin causes emetic form of diarrhea
False!!!!!
Heat Labile: DIARRHEAL form
Heat stable: EMETIC form
Staphylococcal-like enterotoxin function as superantigen
Heat stable like enterotoxin
T or F:
Emetic form has shorter incubation period
True.:)
Emetic form: short(4hours), n/v, similar with staph-food poisoning
Diarrheal form: long (18hours), watery, non bloody, resembles clostridial gastroenteritis
Complete loss of light perception within 48 hours of the injury after traumatic penetrating eye injuries of the eye with soil contaminated object
Opthalmitis
Comma ahaped rods arrange in V or L shape, looks like a chinese characters
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Toxigenecity of corynebacterium diphtheriae can be detected using…
Modified elek test
Habitat and transmission of C.diptheriae
Habitat: human throat
MOT: via respiratory droplets
It inhibits protein synthesis by adding ADP-ribose to elongation factor-2
EXOTOXIN
EXOTOXIN is encoded by
B-prophage
______ result from death of mucosal epithelial cells
Pseudomembranes
Its presence explains the cardiac and neurologic symptoms observed in patients with severe diphtheria
Heparin binding epidermal growth factor.
***receptor for toxin present on surface of many eukaryotic cells(heart and nerve cells)
Complication of pseudomembranous pharyngitis
Airway obstruction
Myocarditis
CN and or muscle paralysis
Treatment for diptheria
Antitoxin and Pen-G
***prevention is toxoid vaccine (DTaP)
Non-spore forming, gram positive rods with TUMBLING MOTILITY in saline suspensions
Listeria monocytogenes
Habitat and transmission of listeria
GI and female GUT
MOT: cross PLACENTA or CONTACT during delivery; UNPASTEURIZED MILK products
Risk individual for listeria
very YOUNG
very OLD
IMMUNOCOMPROMISED
Interacts with E-cadherin on cell surface and serve as an ATTACHMENT to host cells
Internalin
Allows listeria to ESCAPE from phagosome
ListerioLYSIN
PROPELS the bacteria through the membrane of one human cell and into other
Actin ROCKETS
Characterized by LATE MISCARRIAGE or birth complicated by sepsis, multiorgan abscesses and disseminated granulomas
Early onset neonatal listeriosis
Granulomatosis infantiseptica
Transmitted during childbirth and manifest as MENINGITIS or MENINGOENCEPHALITIS
Late onset neonatal listeriosis
Treatment and prevention for listeria
Ampicillin with or without gentamicin
Prevention: pregnant and immunocompromised should not ingest UNPASTEURIZED MILK PRODUCTS or RAW VEGETABLES
Infection of traumatized skin in an individual who was in DIRECT CONTACT with meat or other animal products cause by ERYSIPELOID
Erysipeloid rhusiopathiae
