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Kimia > Bab 2: Sebatian Karbon (T5) > Flashcards

Bab 2: Sebatian Karbon (T5) Flashcards

1
Q

Sebatian karbon:

A

Gabungan atom yg mesti mengandungi karbon

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2
Q

Sebatian organik:

A

Berasal drpd benda hidup

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3
Q

Sebatian X organik

A

Berasal drpd benda x hidup

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4
Q

Hidrokarbon:

A

Sebatian mengandungi unsur karbon & hidrogen shj

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5
Q

X hidrokarbon:

A

Sebatian mengandungi unsur karbon, hidrogen & unsur2 lain

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6
Q

Hidrokarbon tepu:

A

Hanya mengandungi ikatan tunggal antara atom2 karbon

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7
Q

Hidrokarbon x tepu:

A

Mengandungi sekurang2 satu ikatan dua (C=C) / ganda tiga (C≡C) antara atom2 karbon

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8
Q

Siri homolog:

A

Kumpulan sebatian organik dgn kumpulan berfungsi yg sama & sifat kimia yg serupa

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9
Q

Penyulingan berperingkat:

A

Pecahan hidrokarbon dlm petroleum diasingkan pd suhu berlainan mengikut saiz hidrokarbon

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10
Q

Peretakan:

A

Hidrokarbon berantai panjang dipecahkan kpd molekul yg lebih kecil pd suhu tinggi & mangkin

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11
Q

Kegunaan hidrokarbon:

A
  • Bahan api
  • Bahan mentah dlm industri petrokimia
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12
Q

Alkana (-ana):

A

CnH2n+2, n = 1,2,3,…

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13
Q

Alkena (-ena):

A

CnH2n, n = 2,3,4,…

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14
Q

Alkuna (-una):

A

CnH2n-2, n = 2,3,4,…

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15
Q

Alkohol (-ol):

A

CnH2n+1OH, n = 1,2,3,…

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16
Q

Asid karboksilik (-oik):

A

CnH2n+1COOH, n = 0,1,2,…

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17
Q

Ester (-oat):

A

CnH2n+1COOHmH2m+1, n = 0,1,2,… & m = 1,2,3,…

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18
Q

Semaking tinggi takat didih -

A

Semakin banyak jelaka terhasil

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19
Q

Semaking rendah takat didih -

A

Semakin kurang jelaka terhasil

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20
Q

Met-

A

1C

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21
Q

Et-

A

2C

22
Q

Prop-

A

3C

23
Q

But-

A

4C

24
Q

Pent-

A

5C

25
Q

Heks-

A

6C

26
Q

Hept-

A

7C

27
Q

Okt-

A

8C

28
Q

Non-

A

9C

29
Q

Dek-

A

10C

30
Q

Nama IUPAC (rantai lurus):

A

Nama induk + Nama akhiran

31
Q

Formula molekul:

A

Formula kimia yg menunjukkan bilangan sebenar atom unsur2

32
Q

Pembakaran alkana/alkena:

A

Menghasilkan CO2 & H2O (Air)

33
Q

Tindak balas penukargantian alkana:

A

Bertindak balas dgn gas klorin/bromin utk menghasilkan haloalkana & hidrogen halida dlm kehadiran cahaya matahari/ultraungu

34
Q

Tindak balas penambahan alkena:

A

Ikatan C=C bertukar menjadi ikatan tunggal & sebatian tepu terhasil

35
Q

Penghidrogenan alkena:

A

Tindak balas hidrogen menghasilkan alkena dlm kehadiran mangkin platinum/nikel

36
Q

Penghidratan alkena:

A

Tindak balas dengan air menghasilkan alkohol dalam kehadiran mangkin asid fosforik pekat (H2PO4) pd suhu 300 C

37
Q

Penghalogenan alkena:

A

Tindak balas dengan halogen (klorin/bromin)

38
Q

Pembrominan alkena:

A

Ujian kehadiran alkena yg mana warna perang bromin dinyahwarnakan

39
Q

Penambahan hidrogen halida:

A

Menghasilkan haloalkana

40
Q

Peratus karbon/molekul:

A

(Jisim C/Jisim molar) x 100%

41
Q

Pembakaran etanol & alkohol lain:

A

Menghasilkan CO2 & H2O (Air)

42
Q

Pengoksidaan etanol & alkohol lain:

A

Alkohol dioksidakan kpd asid karboksilik sepadan apbl dipanaskan dgn agen pengoksidaan

43
Q

Pendehidratan etanol & alkohol lain:

A

Menghasilakan alkena sepadan dlm kehadiran serpihan porselin panas sbg mangkin (selain metanol)

44
Q

Pengesteran etanol & alkohol lain:

A

Asid karboksilik + alkohol = ester + air (apbl dipanaskan dgn asid sulfurik pekat sbg mangkin)

45
Q

Penyediaan asid karboksilik:

A

Melalui pengoksidaan alkohol secara sepadan

46
Q

Penggunaan refluks:

A

Mengelakkan kehilangan wap ke udara semasa pemanasan utk memastikan tindak balas lengkap berlaku

47
Q

Isomer struktur:

A

Sebatian yg mempunyai formula molekul sama tetapi formula struktur lain

48
Q

Keisomeran rantai:

A

Rantai lurus/bercabang

49
Q

Keisomeran kedudukan:

A

Kedudukan kumpulan berfungsi terikat pd karbon lain pd rantai

50
Q

Nama IUPAC (bercabang):

A

Nama awalan + Nama induk + Nama akhiran

51
Q
A

Kimia (13 decks)

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