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Methods > B9 > Flashcards

B9 Flashcards

1
Q

Offers a high level of magnification and a wider field of view than a traditional ophthalmoscope, but they only offer one view of the interior of the eye

A

Monocular indirect ophthalmoscope

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2
Q

Projects three elements into the eye, rather than one, allowing the optometrist to get a 3D rendition of the interior of the eye which allows for a more thorough examination.

A

BIO

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3
Q

Created by the inflow and outflow of aqueous in the

anterior chamber of the eye.

A

IOP

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4
Q

T/F: IOP is performed in every exam of the human eye

A

True

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5
Q

When is Goldmann tonometry used?

A

-Follow up visits with patients who are on medication,
especially steroids, which may cause a significant and damaging increase in IOP.

-Post operatively IOP to make sure the inflammation from the surgical trauma has not caused a pressure spike.

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6
Q

What is the average number of drops of Pred Forte 1.0% does it take before the average patient will experience a pressure spike?

A

238

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7
Q

The gold standard of IOP

A

Goldmann tonometry

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8
Q

What does it mean if the mires are too thin?

A
  • not enough dye
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9
Q

What does it mean if the mires are too thick?

A
  • too much dye.
  • —You need to have the patient set back and blink a few times and then wait 10-15 seconds for the dye to clear.
  • the patient is watering
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10
Q

What is pressure measured in?

A

MmHg

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11
Q

Name 3 times you will see a patient where there is not a need to check the IOP

A
  1. ) Contact Lens Follow up for proper fitting of a CL
  2. ) When the patient complaint is they need you to recheck their spectacle rx
  3. )Anytime you are seeing a patient for a refractive follow up
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12
Q

What is one reason you would consider an IOP taken by Non-Contact Tonometry to be more accurate than Goldmann tonometry?

A

Post refractive surgical patients

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13
Q

T/F: Studies indicate that after 15 seconds or sooner on dry eye patients the cornea will dry and become significantly thinner which will alter your findings

A

True

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14
Q

With fundus Biomicroscopy, what is the orientation of the image?

A

The image is inverted and reversed from its actual location

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15
Q

Is fundus bio a contact or noncontact retinal evaluation?

A

Non-contact

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16
Q

If someone holds their breath, will they have a high or low IOP reading?

A

High

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17
Q

Will you have an overestimation or underestimation if your mires are too thin?

A

Underestimation

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18
Q

If you see lots of green spots what does this mean?

Where in the eye will there be more of a concentration

How would you treat this?

A
  • allergic reaction to the fluorescence

Inferiorly

Give them artificial tears

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19
Q

What happens if someone has a ring around the cornea after performing?

When is this common?

A

You applied too much pressure on are on the cornea for too long

Common in older patients due to sensitive corneas

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20
Q

Used to scan lids, lashes, conj., and iris

A

Diffuse

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21
Q

Size of diffuse

A

Height: full

Width: 3-8mm

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22
Q

When do you use a parallelpipped?

A

To scan tissues when you want to see specific layers of tissue

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23
Q

Size of parallepipped

A

Height: full
Width: 5-7mm
—smaller than diffuse but larger than an optic section

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24
Q

T/F: the larger the angle that the lighthouse is extended the more tissue you will see

A

True

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25
Q

What is an optic section used for?

A
  • noticing thinning of the cornea and measuring van Herrick angles
26
Q

Size of optic section

A

Height: full
Width: narrow as possible without turning off the light

27
Q

What is specular reflection used for?

A

To analyze the corneal endothelial cells and looking at the structures of the anterior and posterior lens capsule

28
Q

What is retroillumination used for?

A

Seeing peripheral iridotamies and cataract spiking in cataracts

29
Q

What is indirect illumination used for?

A

Checking the anterior chamber

30
Q

When a patient notices curves and/or gaps in the beam when observing the macula with a Watzke-Allen Beam Test

A

+ Watzke Allen sign

31
Q

When doing a fundus bio if you go to the ST what are you actually looking at?

A

IN

32
Q

T/F: Tangential traction of photoreceptors from a central foveal dehiscence as the causative mechanism in the development of the majority of macular holes.

A

True

33
Q

T/F: Careful interpretation of the Watzke-Allen sign may offer a technique for preoperatively determining visual prognosis

A

True

34
Q

Testing for Watzke Allen sign will help you….

A

Confirm your diagnosis and offer the retinal surgeon some idea of post op VA potential

35
Q

Which of the following (+) Watzke-Allan do you think would be a predictor for a favorable Post Op surgical outcome for a macular hole?
A. Beam is reported as thinned in both vertical and horizontal orientations when placed directly over the center of the macular hole.
B. Beam is reported as broken in both vertical and horizontal orientations.
C. Beam is reported as broken in one orientation and thinned in the other.
D. Beam is reported as kinked but not thinned or broken

A

A

36
Q

Which of the following is a (+) Watzke-Allan?
A.-Beam is reported as thinned in both vertical and horizontal orientations when
placed directly over the center of the macular hole.
B.-Beam is reported as broken in both vertical and horizontal orientations.
C.-Beam is reported as broken in one orientation and thinned in the other.
D.-Beam is reported as kinked but not thinned or broken
E.-All of the above

A

E- all of the above

37
Q

Which of the following (+) Watzke-Allan do you think would be a predictor for an unfavorable Post-Op outcome for a macular hole?
A.) Beam is reported as thinned in both vertical and horizontal orientations when
placed directly over the center of the macular hole.
B.) Beam is reported as broken in both vertical and horizontal orientations.
C.) Beam is reported as broken in one orientation and thinned in the other.
D.) Beam is reported as kinked but not thinned or broken

A

B. Beam reported as broken in both vertical and horizontal orientations

38
Q

How does a surgeon treat a macular hole?

A

With a vitrectomy (this is the best way)

39
Q

How is a vitrectomy performed?

A

The vitreous is removed that is pulling on the macula and a gas bubble is placed in the eye

40
Q

What does the gas bubble in the eye for a vitrectomy help with?

A

Helps flatten the macular hole and holds it in place while the eye heals

41
Q

What lenses are best for viewing the macula and ONH

A

60 or 78D

42
Q

What lenses are useful for viewing lesions in the peripheral retina

A

90 Super field or the 90D ocular maxfield

43
Q

Usually you will identify lesions in the peripheral retina with your ____ You will then want a better look with the ____lens

A

BIO better look with the 90D

44
Q

T/F: you want the patient to look in the direction of the lesion

A

True

45
Q

If someone has a lesion at 12 o clock position where do you want them to look when doing fundus micro

A

Straight up

46
Q

When the biomicroscopy lens is centered over the pupil and the fundus is visualized, move the slit lamp _______ until the lesion can be seen.

A

Downward

47
Q

T/F: Once the fundus is in focus, move the slit lamp in the same
direction of the lesion

A

False. The image is inverted so move it in the opposite direction

48
Q

When identifying landmarks during fundus micro how do we describe size and location?

A

-use the patients optic disc as a reference point (helpful because the optic disc typically won’t change over time)

49
Q

When its hard to establish a landmark, what do you do?

A

Use the optic nerve transillumination with parallellepiped slit image off to either side

50
Q

What filter dramatically enhances the appearance of blood vessels as well as preretinal, intraretinal and subretinal blood.

A

Red free filter

51
Q

If someone has a nevus when you use a red free filter will it still be present?

A

No

52
Q

If someone has a hemorrhage will it still be present after using a red free filter

A

Yes

53
Q

Eye care practitioners missed almost ____times as many optic disc hemorrhages through slit-lamp biomicroscopy than via fundus photograph observation.

A

5 times

54
Q

Where do optic disc hemorrhages often appear?

A

Near areas of peripapillary atrophy, notching

or nerve fiber layer defects.

55
Q

Optic disc hemorrhages are a risk factor for progression in all forms of ____

A

Glaucoma

56
Q

Two-thirds of glaucomatous optic disc hemorrhages appear____

A

Inferotemporally

57
Q

If glare is diffuse how do you want to move the condensing lens

A

Move the lens laterally toward the image side with the diffuse glare

58
Q

With glare as one hot spot what do you do to get rid of it

A

Move the lens to the eyebrow

  • then move the light source body slightly out of center click away form the optical path of the camera
  • move your thumb away from the patients face
59
Q

As you move the light source farther from the center click, what happens

A

The image becomes dimmer and makes it difficult to see

60
Q

If you want to see the different parts of the retina doing fundus bio what do you want the patient to do

A

Look in the different directions or by moving the fixation light

Methods (2 decks)

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