B7 Mass transport Flashcards
where can you find high concentration of oxygen in the body
lungs
where does haemoglobin load oxygen
at the lungs
where is there a low concentration of oxygen
respiring tissues eg muscles
where can you find a high concentration of carbon dioxide
respiring tissues eg muscles
what does oxygen and haemoglobin make
oxyhaemoglobin
where is there a low affinity for oxygen
respiring tissues eg muscles
what happens to affinity of haemoglobin at low partial pressure
decreases
what happens to affinity of oxygen as partial pressure increases
it also increases
what is the effect of the Bohr shift on the oxygen dissociation graph
there is an increased rate of respiration so there is more carbon dioxide. more co2 lowers the Ph of the blood forming a carbonic acid. so haemoglobin oxygen
what happens when the first molecule of oxygen binds to haemoglobin
causes a conformational change to the shape (tertiary structure). making it difficult for the 2,3 and 4th molecule to bind
how does an atheroma form?
damage to endothelium of the artery makes the white blood cells and fatty acids from the blood clump together forming fatty streaks.
over time more WBC and FA and connective tissue build up and harden to form fibrous plaque also known as atheroma
what does an atheroma do
blocks lumen of artery and restricts blood flow. this causes blood pressure to increase, can cause myocardial infraction.
how is coronary heart disease caused
when coronary arteries have many atheroma restricting blood flow
what are the risk factors of CVD
high blood cholesterol
bad diet (salt)
cigarette smoking
high blood pressure
how does high blood cholesterol cause CVD
cholesterol is one of the main fatty deposits that forms atheroma which increases formation of blood clots and increases blood pressure. Blocking flow of blood to coronary arteries causing myocardial infraction.
what is myocardial infraction
heart attack caused by coronary artery being completely blocked by blood clot.
how does cigarette smoking cause CVD
Cigarette smoke contains nicotine and carbon monoxide.
nicotine increases blood pressure.
nicotine haemoglobin reduces the amount of o2 transported in the blood to muscles
muscles with no o2 = heart attack