B6a Communicable (infectious) disease Flashcards
What is a pathogen?
A microorganism that causes infectious disease
Name two diseases caused by bacteria
Gonorrhoea
Salmonella
Give the symptoms of Gonorrhoea
Thick yellow or green discharge from vagina or penis
Pain on urination
How is Gonorrhoea treated?
Antibiotics eg penicillin
How can the spread of gonorrhoea be reduced?
Use barrier methods of contraception eg condom
Give the symptoms of salmonella
Fever
Abdominal cramps
Vomiting
Diarrhoea
How do bacteria make you ill?
Damage cells
Produce toxins
How can you get infected by salmonella?
Spread by bacteria in food, especially chicken
How can the spread of salmonella be reduced?
Cook food to a high temperature - kills bacteria
Good hygiene eg wash hands/surfaces before preparing food
Vaccinate poultry against salmonella
Give the common name for the disease caused by salmonella bacteria
Food poisoning
Name the type of pathogen that causes rose black spot
Fungi
What are the symptoms of rose black spot?
Purple or black spots on leaves
Leaves turn yellow and drop off
How is rose black spot spread from plant to plant?
Water
Wind
How can rose black spot be treated?
Fungicides - kill fungi
Remove and destroy affected leaves
Why does rose black spot affect the growth of a plant?
Reduces photosynthesis
As less chlorophyll in leaves
Reduces amount of glucose made
Reduces growth of plant
Name three disease caused by viruses
Measles
HIV/AIDS
Tobacco mosaic disease
What are the symptoms of measles?
Fever
Red skin rash
Can be fatal
How is measles spread from person to person?
Inhalation of droplets from sneezes and coughs
How can the number of people who are infected be reduced?
Vaccination
Isolation of those infected
What are the symptoms of HIV/AIDS?
Flu like symptoms
Which cells do HIV viruses destroy?
White blood cells
How is HIV transmitted between people?
Sexual contact
Exchange of body fluids eg used needles for injecting drugs
How can HIV be treated?
Antiretroviral drugs
What are the symptoms of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)?
Decolouration of leaves (yellow and green patches)
Why are TMV infected plants shorter than uninfected plants?
Reduces photosynthesis
As less chlorophyll in leaves
Less light absorbed
Reduces amount of glucose made
Reduces growth of plant
Name a disease caused by a protist
Malaria
What are the symptoms of malaria?
Recurrent episodes of fever
Can be fatal
How does a person become infected with the malaria?
Protist spread by mosquito
Protist injected into human when mosquito bites
How can the spread of malaria be reduced?
Use mosquito nets to prevent mosquitos biting
Use insecticides to kill mosquitos
Drain land as mosquitos breeding in water
Use insect repellent
Give three ways in which the spread of disease can be reduced
Good hygiene
Isolation of infected individuals
Vaccination
Name the 4 groups of pathogens
Bacteria
Fungi
Protist
Virus
Name two types of pathogen that can reproduce rapidly in the body
Bacteria
Viruses
How do viruses cause us to become ill?
Live and reproduce in human cells
Cause cell damage
What is the name for late stage HIV infection?
AIDS
When does HIV change into AIDS?
Immune system badly damaged
Immune system cannot deal with other infections and cancers
Name a crop plant that can be infected by tobacco mosaic virus
Tomatoes
