B6 - Microorganisms And Diseases Flashcards
What are the 4 types of microorganismes?
Bacteria
Viruses
Fungi
Protozoa
Where can viruses only reproduce?
In living cells.
What are viruses?
Viruses are protein coats around a genetic material
(They are not cells but reproduce inside living cells)
They infect other organisms in order to multiply e.g plant, animals and bacteria cells
One type of virus will only attack a specific type of cell
How do viruses reproduce
1) the virus attach to a specific HOST cell and object its genetic material into the cell
2) The virus reproduces other viruses inside the cell HOST
3) cell HOST then split open and releases the new virus everywhere
In how many ways can diseases be transmitted (spread)?
FOOD- food poisoning (contaminated by bacteria)
WATER - cholera (contaminated with sewage)
AIRBORNE DROPLETS - influenza (flu and viruses spread by airborne droplets release when coughing or sneezing)
CONTACT- athlete’s foot (fungus causing athlete food can be spread by waking barefoot on damp floors)
What causes diseases?
Poor sanitation (hygiene)
- poor sewage work
- poor clean water
(Causes influenza, and many other diseases , especially in developing countries)
What are 4 stages of how infectious disease occur?
1) microorganism enter body
2) then reproduces rapidly producing many more
3) microorganismes produce toxins which damage cells and tissues
4) toxins causes symptoms or infection
(Incubation period) - time between microorganism spreading around body and the symptoms exposing.
What are antiseptics and antibiotics?
Chemicals that destroy bacteria or stop them from growing
What are antiseptics?
Used outside the body to help clean wounds and surfaces (prevent infections)
What are antibodies ?
Drugs used inside the body (pill or injections).
Treat people who are already infected (only kill bacteria , not viruses)
Why do some bacteria become resistant to antibiotics?
- caused by random mutations in bacterial DNA
- mutation causes changes in bacteria and make them less affected to antibiotics
- better able to survive and reproduce in a host who’s being treated (by injections or pills to get rid of them)
- antibiotic gene who are resistant to antibiotic gets passed on to offsprings
- then spreads and become more common
- MRSA (bacteria resistant to antibiotics) are hard to treat !
Why do doctors tell us to finish all antibiotics prescribed when ill?
It increases the risk of antibiotic resistant
Bacterias will emerge!
Why does the amount of ‘antibiotic used’ increase the amount of ‘bacteria being resistant to antibiotics’?
Naturally resistant bacteria can have an advantage and increase in numbers by the help of the antibiotics.
When can diseases spread rapidly?
I’m natural disasters
Give me 4 reasons on why natural disaster might have an impact on diseases spreading?
- can damage sewage and water supply (cholera spreading)
- homes gets destroyed (build temporary camps with very poor hygiene, diseases spreading)
- health services disrupted by damaged transport links (infection can spread rapidly)
- electricity supply damaged (fridges not working, food poisoning due to Bacteria spreading)
