B6- Inherritence, variation and response Flashcards
What is adult cell cloning?
A type of cloning that forms an embryo from an adult body cell.
What is an allele?
A version of a gene.
What are amino acids?
Small molecules from which proteins are assembled.
What are Archaea?
Primitive bacteria existing in extreme environments.
What is asexual reproduction?
A form of reproduction involving a single parent. Creates genetically identical offspring.
What is the binomial system?
The universal system of naming organisms using their genus and species.
Who is Charles Darwin?
The scientist who developed the theory of evolution by natural selection.
What is a chromosome?
A long, coiled molecule of DNA that carries genetic information in the form of genes.
What is classification?
The organisation of organisms into groups based on their characteristics and structure.
What is coding DNA?
A sequence of DNA that codes for the production of a protein.
What does complementary mean in DNA?
Describes how the chemical bases in DNA pair up with each other. A pairs with T and C pairs with G.
What are cuttings in plant cloning?
The simplest method of cloning plants. A branch is cut from a parent plant and replanted in compost after removing the lower leaves.
What is cystic fibrosis?
A cellular membrane disorder resulting from the presence of a recessive allele.
What is DNA?
A double-stranded polymer wound to form a double helix. Carries the genetic code.
What does dominant mean in genetics?
Describes an allele that is always expressed. Represented by a capital letter.
What is embryo screening?
A procedure used to determine the presence of faulty genes in an embryo produced by IVF. A few embryonic cells are removed and screened for defective alleles.
What are embryo transplants?
The simplest method of animal cloning. Cells are removed from a developing embryo, split apart and grown in culture, before being transplanted into host mothers.
What is evolution?
The gradual change in the inherited traits within a population over time. Occurs due to natural selection.
What is an evolutionary tree?
A diagram which illustrates the evolutionary relationships between organisms.
What is extinction?
The death of all members of a species.
What is a family tree?
A chart used to show the inheritance of a condition in a family.
What is fertilisation?
The fusion of the nucleus of male and female gametes. Restores the full chromosome number.
What is a fossil?
The remains of dead organisms found in rocks which are millions of years old.
What are gametes?
Sex cells (sperm and egg cells) with half the usual number of chromosomes.
What is a gene?
A section of DNA that codes for a specific sequence of amino acids which undergo polymerisation to form a protein.
What is genetic engineering?
The modification of the genome of an organism by the insertion of a desired gene from another organism, enabling the formation of organisms with beneficial characteristics.
What is a genome?
The complete genetic material of an organism.
What is a genotype?
An organism’s genetic composition. Describes all alleles.
What are GM crops?
Crops that have had their genomes modified by the insertion of a desired gene from another organism.
