B6 Inheritance, Variation , Evolution

Question 1

The process by which gamers are made

Answer 1

Meiosis

Question 2

Meiosis produces cells identical or different from parent cells?

Answer 2

Different

Question 3

Mitosis produces cells identical or different from parent cells?

Answer 3

Identical

Question 4

Process of meiosis (4 steps)

Answer 4

-Chromosomes in diploid cell (23 pairs) are copied
-Similar chromosomes pair up and genes are swapped between them
-Cell divides to produce two diploid cells
-These divide again to produce four haploid cells (gametes)

Question 5

Two types of reproduction

Answer 5

Sexual and Asexual

Question 6

Animals reproduce…

Answer 6

Sexually

Question 7

Plants can reproduce…

Answer 7

Sexually (pollen and egg)
And asexually

Question 8

Asexual reproduction happens by…

Answer 8

Mitosis, daughter cells will be identical (cloned)

Question 9

Sexual reproduction advantage

Answer 9

Offspring can become better adapted to the environment

Question 10

Asexual reproduction advantage

Answer 10

Only one organism needed to reproduce

Question 11

Malaria parasites and some fungi can reproduce…

Answer 11

Sexually and Asexually

Question 12

What is a genome

Answer 12

The entire genetic code in an organism

Question 13

What is DNA

Answer 13

A double helix polymer that stores genetic code

Question 14

What is a gene

Answer 14

A portion of DNA that codes for a protein

Question 15

What is a genotype

Answer 15

An organisms specific genetic code

Question 16

What is a genotype

Answer 16

How a genotype is expressed in physical characteristics

Question 17

Monomers/Nucleotides/Bases are made from a …/… group

Answer 17

Sugar/Phospate

Question 18

Every ____ bases code for an amino acid

Answer 18

3

Question 19

The bases code

Answer 19

A+T, C+G

Question 20

Explain proteinsynthesis

Answer 20

-Code is copied by mRNA (transcription)
-Taken to ribosome which assembles amino acids into polypeptides then proteins(translation)
-That are then folded into shape

Question 21

Different versions of the same gene are called

Answer 21

Alleles

Question 22

Polydactyl is caused by a ….. allele

Answer 22

Dominant

Question 23

Cystic fibrosis is caused by a …. allele

Answer 23

Recessive

Question 24

Females have __ chromosomes, males have__ chromosomes

Answer 24

XX , XY

Question 25

Variation in offspring is a result of both….. and ….. factors

Answer 25

Genetic and Environmental factors

Question 26

What is Darwin’s theory of evolution?

Answer 26

-Random mutations results in variation -So, some organisms are better adapted to the environment -These organisms compete (survival of the fittest) -Those better adapted are more likely to survive; over time these desirable characteristics become more pronounced

Question 27

What is Lamarks theory of evolution?

Answer 27

Mutations/adaptations are a result of environment affecting characteristics inherited by offspring; not random

Question 28

Define species

Answer 28

Organisms that can reproduce to have fertile offspring

Question 29

Evidence for Darwin’s theory of evolution

Answer 29

Antibiotic-Resistant bacteria

Question 30

What is antibiotic resistant bacteria

Answer 30

If not all bacteria is killed, then mist resistant bacteria will continue to reproduce. This is why it is important to finish full course of antibiotics

Question 31

What is selective breeding

Answer 31

Breeding organisms that have desired characteristics to produce offspring in which they are more pronounced

Question 32

What is genetic engineering

Answer 32

The insertion of a gene into an organisms genome so it synthesises a specific protein the achieve a desired characteristic

Question 33

Genetic engineering process (4 steps)

Answer 33

1 . Desired genome is cut from another organisms DNA using enzymes 2. Gene is inserted into a vector. Eg. A bacteria, plasmid or virus 3.Vector inserts gene into cells of another organism early in development 4.Organism develops with desired characteristic due to every cell synthesising that specific protein

Question 34

What is a fossil

Answer 34

The decayed remains of organisms (or evidence of their existence)

Question 35

Bone fossils are actually…

Answer 35

Bones that have been REPLACED WITH MINERALS

Question 36

Some fossils can still have __________ __________ ________ if the conditions for decay are not present

Answer 36

SOFT ORGANIC TISSUE

Question 37

What is cloning

Answer 37

Producing GENETICALLY IDENTICAL ORGANISMS

Question 38

You can clone plants using …… or …..

Answer 38

Cuttings or Tissue cultures

Question 39

Cloning process in animals (Dolly the sheep)

Answer 39

1. Nucleus taken from skin cell of organism to be cloned 2.Nucleus inserted into an egg cell 3. Electric shock causes cell to,split and develop 4. Developing cells inserted into a surrogate mother 5. Clone is born

Question 40

Order of classification (King Phillip Came Over For Good Soup)

Answer 40

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Question 41

The binomial name for an animal consist of…

Answer 41

Genus + Species

Question 42

Domain is a level above KINGDOM which consists of

Answer 42

- Archaea (primitive bacteria, extremophiles) -Eukaryota (everything else - DNA contained in nucleus) -Bacteria (true bacteria)

Question 43

King Phillip Came Over For Good Soup stands for what

Answer 43

Kingdom, Phylum Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species