B6 Haematology ; Blood Counts

Question 1

Function of albumins

Answer 1

Transport

Colloidal osmotic pressure

Question 2

Function of globulins

Answer 2

Transport
Clotting
Precursors to hormone

Question 3

Function of fibrinogen

Answer 3

Clotting

Question 4

Control of erythropoiesis and why important

Answer 4

Essential to maintain RBC level

Controlled by EPO

Question 5

What is erythropoeitin?

Where and when released?

Answer 5

Polypeptide hormone released by peritubular cells in kidneys in response to low oxygen levels

Question 6

What is maturation?

Answer 6

Immature RBC nucleus extruded and taken up by bone marrow macrophages
mRNA in reticulocyte allows Hb to be synthesised
The reticulocyte may enter blood stream

Question 7

Retic count may ________ when erythropoeisis is increased

Answer 7

increase

Question 8

Adult Hb subunits and fetal subunits?

Answer 8

alpha 2 beta 2

alpha 2 gamma 2

Question 9

Ideal oxidation state for iron to be absorbed?

Answer 9

Fe 2+

Question 10

How is Fe3+ converted to easily absorbed Fe2+

How can other drugs affect this conversion?

Answer 10

Reduced in stomach acid (-ve effect of antacids = less stomach acid to reduce) (-ve of tetracycline = chelation that prevents absorption)

Question 11

Where is Fe3+ produced in body?

What does it bind to in order to be stored as ferritin?

Answer 11

Produced by mucosal cells of duodenum

Binds to apoferritin to produce ferritin (store)

Question 12

How is is iron released into the blood for transport?

Transported to where?

Answer 12

Binds with transferrin which delivers to bone marrow

Question 13

How many O2s per Hb?

Answer 13

4

Question 14

Hb is an allosteric protein. what does that mean?

Answer 14

First O2 molecule enhances binding by causing a conformational change in Hb structure making it easier for subsequent 3 O2’s to bind to Hb

Question 15

Neutrophils

Answer 15

Phagocytosis

Question 16

Eosinophils

Answer 16

Parasite killing and inflammation

Question 17

Basophils

Answer 17

Release histamine in hypersensitivity reactions

Question 18

Monocytes

Answer 18

Phagocytic

Question 19

Lymphocytes

Answer 19

Produce antibodies

Question 20

Platelets

Answer 20

Clotting

Question 21

Where does blood cell production in fetus and neonate take place?

Answer 21

Liver and spleen

Question 22

Where does blood cell production in neonate child and adult take place?

Answer 22

Bone marrow

Question 23

What are CSFs and why are they important

Answer 23

Colony stimulating factors

Can produce 10^6 cells, stimulated by infection