B6 - Evolution

Question 1

What is a genome?

Answer 1

All of the DNA in an organism

Question 2

What is a nucleotide?

Answer 2

A section of DNA

Question 3

In mRNA, what is the base “A” replaced with?

Answer 3

“U”

Question 4

What are the advantages and disadvantages of sexual reproduction?

Answer 4

Advantage = variation
Disadvantage = requires energy to find a mate, slower.

Question 5

What are the advantages and disadvantages of asexual reproduction?

Answer 5

Advantages = faster
Disadvantages  = no variation which is a survival disadvantage

Question 6

What is mRNA?

Answer 6

A copy of the DNA which travels into the cytoplasm to the ribosomes, so that the original DNA doesn’t get damaged

Question 7

What is a genotype?

Answer 7

The genetic characteristic

Question 8

What is a phenotype?

Answer 8

The physical characteristics

Question 9

How is variation introduced?

Answer 9

Through mutation

Question 10

Who discovered alleles?

Answer 10

Gregor Mendel

Question 11

What was the difference between Lamarcks and Darwins theories of evolution?

Answer 11

Lamarck believed physical/environmental factors influenced variation, but Darwin believed in natural selection of those with helpful mutations.

Question 12

What causes speciation?

Answer 12

Natural selection + isolation

Question 13

Who discovered speciation?

Answer 13

Alfred Russel Wallace

Question 14

What are the issues with selective breeding?

Answer 14

Reduces gene pool and leads to inbreeding/infertlisation

Question 15

What are 2 methods of cloning?

Answer 15

Tissue culture and cuttings

Question 16

What are 3 types of fossils?

Answer 16

Gradual mineral replacement (most common)
Casts/impressions
Preservations (jurassic park)

Question 17

Who came up with a system to organise species?

Answer 17

Carl Linneus

Question 18

How does the order of classification go?

Answer 18

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species