b6 b8 Flashcards
State the function of the xylem
transports water and minerals from the roots to the leaves
state the function of the phloem
transports sugars from the leaves to other parts of the plant
what is the equation for photosynthesis
carbon dioxide + water —> glucose + oxygen
6CO2 + 6H2O —> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Define photosynthesis
photosynthesis is the series of chemical reactions by which plants manufacture carbohydrates from raw materials using energy from light
(transform light into chemical energy)
what is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis
chlorophyll transforms light energy into chemical energy in molecules for the synthesis of carbohydrates
what is the function of nitrate ions in plants
synthesis of amino acids
what is the function of magnesium ions in plants
chlorophyll production
what happens to plants with a nitrate deficiency
stunted growth and yellow leaves
what happens to plants with a magnesium deficiency
stunted growth and yellow trees
Photosynthesis actually makes…
sucrose - a form of glucose
sucrose is used for..
transport
starch is used for..
storage
what is the stomata made out of
guard cells
what is the function of the epidermal cells
protection
what is the function of the palisade cells
high number of chloroplasts
what is the function of the waxy cuticle layer
stop water loss
spongy mesophyll cells
less chloroplasts, a lot of space between them
what is the term used for the xylem and the phloem
vascular bundle
properties of xylem
- complex tissue
- consists of mainly dead elements
- conducts water and minerals from the root to the aerial part of the plant
- is a dead cell
- one way from the root to the leaves (unidirectional)
properties of the phloem
- complex tissue
- consists of living tissues
- conducts prepared food from the leaves to storage organs and growing parts of the plants
- is a living cell
- moves in all directions (multidirectional)
what is a root hair cell
- a specialised cell found in the roots of plants
- specially adapted to absorb water and minerals from the soil
- have root hairs which are extensions or outgrowths of epidermal cells
what is transpiration
transpiration is the loss of water vapour from leaves
- water forms a thin layer on the surfaces of the leaf mesophyll cells
- the water then evaporates into the air spaces in the spongy mesophyll
- this creates a higher concentration of water vapour inside the leaf than outside
- the water will diffuse out of the leaf through the stomata
does temperature increase or decrease transpiration rates
increase - the kinetic energy of water molecules increases, so they evaporate and diffuse faster from the mesophyll cells
does wind speed increase or decrease transpiration rates
increase - the wind removes away the water vapour, surrounding the leaf faster
does humidity increase or decrease transpiration rates
decrease - if the air surrounding the leaf has more water vapour, there will be a weak concentration gradient for diffusion
what is translocation
the movement of sucrose and amino acids in phloem from sources to sinks
what is a source
parts of the plants that release sucrose or amino acids
what is a sink
parts of the plants that use or store sucrose or amino acids
