B6 and B7 preventing and treating disease Flashcards
what is an antigen
it is a unique protein on the surface of the cell
Why do you get ill due to a pathogen
As there is a delay for your body to find the correct antibody needed
How does a vaccine work
1.) small amounts of dead or inactive pathogen is put into the body
2.) The antigens in the vaccine simulate your white blood cells into making antibodies. Therefore antibodies destroy antigens without damage to body
3.) Now you will be immune to future infection as your body can now create the correct antibody rapidly
what are antiseptics and disinfectants used for
to kill bacteria on the outside of the body but to danger to be in the body
How do antibodies work
They work by killing the bacteria in the disease all in your body, they damage the bacteria without damaging your own cells
specific bacteria with specific antibody
Why does an antibody not cure a virus
as they have no effect as virus reproduce inside the cell so it is hard to create a drug without damaging the cells and tissues
what is a good medicine
Effective
Safe
Stable
What are the stages to drug development
1.) computer testing - models potential chemical reactions
2.) Cell testing - testing drugs on different human cells and tissues
3.) animal testing - mice, rats, rabbits and monkeys
4) clinical human trials - test on a small amount of healthy people to see if they get sick
Process of monoclonal antibodies
1) inject human growth serum into rat
2a.) lymphocyte from the mouse are now going to have an immune response to the HGS and will create antibodies
2b) separate cancerous cell (Myeloma) can go through mitosis quickly so they get rid of the nucleus and place the lymphocyte nucleus into the empty myeloma cell
3.)Hydromyeloma - can make antibodies and replicate very quickly fused by electricity
4.) multiply and will create monoclonal antibodies
5.) purify and will just get the antibodies
