B6 Flashcards
A ____ is used to detect a _____; the response is produced by an _____.
Receptor, Stimulus, Effector.
Receptors and effectors can form part of complex ____.
Organs.
The nervous system produces a ____-lived response to a stimulus whereas the hormonal system produces a ____, _____-lasting responses.
Short, Slower, Longer.
The central nervous system contains the ___ and ____ ___, and the peripheral nervous system contains just ____. Together they make the nervous system.
Brain and Spinal Cord, Nerves.
What co-ordinates an animal’s reponse to a stimulus?
CNS, Central Nevous System.
What carries impulses from the receptor cells to the CNS?
What carries impulses from the CNS to effectors?
The Sensory Neurons.
The Motor Neurons.
What links the sensory and motor neurons?
Relay Neurons.
A ____ has a cell membrane and cytoplasm, which is extended into an ___. The _____ sheath (which surronds the ___) insulates the nerve and speeds up the nerve impulse.
Neuron, Axon, Myelin, Axon.
The ____ __ is a fixed nervous system that enables quick and ________ responses independant of the brain?
Reflex Arc, Automatic.
The spinal reflex arc includes what? And in what order do they pass information between eachother?
receptor —> sensory neuron —> relay neuron —> motor neuron —> effector.
Neurons do not connect physically, so how are impulses are transmitted?
Impulses are transmitted across small gaps called synapses.
What affects the transmission of the nerve impulses across synapses?
Toxins and Drugs would affect the transmission.
An impulse arriving at the end of a nerve causes the release of a ______ ________.
Chemical Transmitter.
The transmitter ____ across the synapse, binds to receptor molecules, and sets up an impulse in the next neuron.
Diffuses.
More complex organisms learn what?
Behaviors.
When interracting with similar events the human brain does what?
The brain makes ‘shortcuts’ between synapse responses when encountering similar events so that snap decisions and improve relex speeds.
Conditioning is a reflex response to a ___ (secondary) stimulus, learned by introduing it together with a ____ (primary) stimulus.
New, Main
Repetition does what to neurons in the brain?
Neuron pathways, or shortcuts are formed in the brain and strengthed.
What does strengthening neuron pathways (shortcuts) allow the brain to do?
Strengthening allows mammals to adapt to new situation and increases reflex speed, both of which are vital as they increase survival capabilities.
Memory is what?
The storage and retrieval of information.
What makes things easier to remember?
Patterns, repeated information over a period of time, or if it is associated a strong stimulus with it.
What are the main components of a neuron?
Cell Body, Nucleus, Dendrites, Axon, Myelin Sheath (Insulation).
Where is insulin produced?
In the Pancreas.
Where is Oestrogen produced, and what is it?
It is produced in the ovaries, it is a sex hormone that controls the development of the adult female body at puberty, and the menstrual cycle.
