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Question 1

what is a placebo

Answer 1

a fake drug given to one group of people to check that they arent just feeling better because they think they are being given the medicine

Question 2

whats a blind trial

Answer 2

a trial where the patient doesnt know if they are getting the real drug or a placebo

Question 3

whats a double-blind trial

Answer 3

a trail where neither the patient or the doctor giving them the medicines knows whether its the real thing or a placebo so its not bias

Question 4

what makes a good medicine and why

Answer 4

effective - cure or treat
safe ( minimum side effects)
stable - stored for later use

Question 5

what do you need to do to make a medicine

Answer 5

first scientists discover drug targets for a disease (takes a long time)
then drug discovery
Preclinical trials are then held after this, this is done on animals tissues and cells to make sure that the drug is safe
phase 1- the successful drug is tested on a small group of healthy people
phase 2- the successful drug is then tested on a small group of infected people
phase 3- then is tested on a large population
then finally can be prescribed by doctors
then phase 1 2 and 3 happen,

Question 6

what is a vaccine

Answer 6

it’s made of dead or weakened pathogens once u get the vaccine u are immune to the virus

Question 7

herd immunity

Answer 7

resistance to the spread of an infectious disease within a population that is based on preexisting immunity of a high proportion of individuals as a result of previous infection or vaccination

Question 8

herd immunity advantages

Answer 8

the whole community becomes protected not just those who are immune

Question 9

where does aspirin originate from

Answer 9

willow bark from trees

Question 10

side affects from aspirin

Answer 10

fever, but it does relieve inflammation and relieve pain

Question 11

why did people chew on beaver tails

Answer 11

it gave them unexpected relief

Question 12

what were digitails and digoxns used to treat and where do you extract them from

Answer 12

weak heartbeats (strengthens them)
you extract them from floxgloves

Question 13

what do antibiotics do

Answer 13

kill bacterial diseases by killing the bacterial pathogens inside your body

Question 14

what are painkillers

Answer 14

something that relieves pain and symptoms

Question 15

painkiller examples

Answer 15

aspirin
paracetamol
morphine

Question 16

what are antigens

Answer 16

proteins found on the surface of cells

Question 17

eg of bacterial condition and a viral condition you can be vaccinated against

Answer 17

hiv polio and whooping cough

Question 18

what are antibodies

Answer 18

they join up with antigens and inactivate and destroy certain parts of a pathogen
protein produced by white blood cells

Question 19

how does a vaccine work

Answer 19

stage 1- a vaccine is introduced to the body containing a dead or weakened pathogen
stage 2- this stimulates white blood cells to produce antibodies
stage 3- white blood cells that produce these antibodies remain in the blood (memory class )
stage 4 - if the body is infected the memory cells recognize the antigens
stage 5 -the white blood cells are able to produce the antibodies more quickly this time
stage 6- the pathogen is destroyed before it has the chance to make you ill.