B5.1/2 - Skeletons, Muscles & Joints Flashcards
Earthworms do not have a skeleton. How does the pressure of the fluid inside their body support their muscular body wall?
The fluid press outwards against their muscular body wall which supports it
Name three things that have an external skeleton. What is their external skeleton made of?
- Insects
- Spiders
- Crustaceans
Their external skeletons are made of chitin.
How does an external skeleton made of chitin work?
The chitin gives a protective outer covering which support the animal. It also gives a framework for muscle attachment. These animals all have joined legs and their skeleton , muscles and joints allow them to move. However, this hard covering of chitin prevents growth which is why they have to shed their old skeleton and grow before the new one hardens.
Name three animals that have an internal skeleton
- Fish
- Reptiles
- Humans
The human skeleton is made of bone but there are still places where there is still cartilage. Name three
- The top of your nose
- Your ear lobes
- At the ends of your long bones, such as limb bones and ribs
Bone and cartilage are both (I) ________ tissues. They have blood vessels and nerves and can (II)_____ within the body.
(I) Living
(II) Grow
The internal skeleton forms a framework. What allows this framework to move?
Joints and muscles allow it to move. (The many small bonds of the spine give great flexibility)
What is ossification?
When you were growing in the womb your skeleton was first made of cartilage, which is mainly protein. After 6 weeks, calcium phosphate is deposited on the cartilage. The cartilage then becomes ossified and turns into bone. Children have more cartilage at the ends of their bones because they are still growing.
How can scientists tell someone’s age by looking at their skeleton?
They can tell the age of a person according to how much cartilage is still present on their skeleton.
Why shouldn’t you move someone with a broken backbone?
You could injure their spinal cord if you move them.
What is the head of a long bone covered with?
Smooth cartilage
The outer part of a long bone is made of hardened bone. It can withstand compression. This makes the bone light than solid bones. What is in the centre of a long bone?
In the centre of a long bone there is bone marrow and blood vessels. Some fat is stored here, and new blood cells are made.
What is a green stick fracture?
When the bone is bent but not broken. Children with rickets are prone to this.
What is a simple fracture?
When the bone is broken but the skin is intact.
What is a compound fracture?
This is also called an open fracture. This is when the broken ends of the bones stick out through the skin.