B5 - The Nervous System

Question 1

What is the Hypothalamus responsible for?

Answer 1

Regulating body temperature, hunger, etc

Question 2

What does the Relay Neurone do?

Answer 2

Carries and decides what to do with received impulses

Question 3

What does the Sensory Neurone do?

Answer 3

Carries information as electrical impulses from the receptor to the Relay Neurones (CNS)

Question 4

What is Homeostasis?

Answer 4

Regulation of constant body vitals (Temperature, Oxygen Levels, etc)

Question 5

What is the Central Nervous System?

Answer 5

Where decision making occurs (Brain + Spine)

Question 6

What is the Peripheral Nervous System?

Answer 6

Consists of all the neurones outside the Brain and Spine (Motor & Sensory)

Question 7

What is a Stimulus?

Answer 7

A sense (Heat, Sound Touch).

Question 8

What does a Receptor do?

Answer 8

Detects Stimuli

Question 9

What does a Motor Neurone do?

Answer 9

Carries impulses from the CNS to effectors

Question 10

What is an Effector?

Answer 10

A Muscle or a Gland that responds to impulses

Question 11

What is a Synapse?

Answer 11

The connection (gap) between two Neurones

Question 12

How does a synapse trigger an impulse?

Answer 12

Neurotransmitters (chemical) diffuse across the Synapse and bind with specific Receptor Cells on the second Neurone

Question 13

What does the Nerve Cell consist of?

Answer 13

Nerve Ending, Axon, Dendron, Myelin Sheath, Cell Membrane, Nucleus and Cytoplasm

Question 14

What is an Axon?

Answer 14

A long fibre insulated by Myelin Sheath, which carries electrical impulses across Neurones

Question 15

What does a Dendron do?

Answer 15

Receives impulses from other Neurones

Question 16

What are the regions of the Brain?

Answer 16

Medulla, Cerebellum, Cerebral Cortex & Hypothalamus

Question 17

What does the Medulla control?

Answer 17

Unconscious activities (Breathing, Heartbeat, etc)

Question 18

What does the Cerebellum control?

Answer 18

Muscle coordination and balance

Question 19

What does the Cerebral Cortex control?

Answer 19

Consciousness, Memory & Language

Question 20

Function of the Cornea

Answer 20

Refracts light into the eye.

Question 21

How does the Iris work?

Answer 21

Controls amount of light that enters the pupil by extending or pulling away from the Pupil.

Question 22

Function of the Lens

Answer 22

Focuses light onto the Retina.

Question 23

Function of the Retina

Answer 23

Detects Light (by Rods) & Colours (by Cones), in the Receptor Cells.

Question 24

Function of the Sclera

Answer 24

Protects & Supports the eye due to its toughness,

Question 25

Function of the Optic Nerve

Answer 25

Carries impulses from the Retina directly to the Brain.

Question 26

What happens to the Iris in Dim Light?

Answer 26

The Radial Muscles contract and Circular Muscles relax, Dilating the Pupil (More light enters).

Question 27

Where are the Radial and Circular Muscles Located?

Answer 27

Circular Muscle (Inner Iris), Radial Muscle (Outer Iris) - Think Radius for Radial.