B5-homeostasis And Response Flashcards
What do receptors do?
Detect a charge
What do coordination centres do?
Interpret that charge
What do effectors do?
Carry out that charge
What are two types of effectors
Muscles
Glands
What is a synapse
The connection between two neurones
What are reflexes
Rapid and automatic
What investigation can be used to measure reaction time
Ruler drop test
What is the ‘master gland’
Pituitary gland
What is homeostasis
Maintaining a stable internal environment so the body can function properly
How does nerves carry messages
Very fast action
Act for a very short time
Act on a very precise area
How does hormones carry messages
Slower action
Act for a long time
Act in a more general way
What does pancreas do
Secrete insulin, which is used to regulate the blood glucose level
What does adrenal gland do
Produces adrenaline which prepares body for a ‘fight or flight’ response
What does thyroid do
Produces thyroxine, regulates rate of metabolism, heart rate and temperature
What does ovaries do
Produce oestrogen
What does testes do
Produce testosterone, which controls puberty and sperm production
What does pituitary gland do
Send signals to other glands
Regulates body conditions
If blood glucose level is too high, what do you need to do
Insulin needs to be added
If blood glucose level is too low, what needs to be added
Glucagon needs to be added
What happens at day 1-4 in the menstrual cycle
Lining of the uterus breaks down
What happens between days 4-14
The uterus lining builds up
What happens on day 14
Ovulation
What happens at day 14-28
Maintaining of the uterus lining
What does FSH do
Produced in pituitary gland
Causes an egg to mature
Stimulates the ovaries to produce oestrogen
What does Oestrogen do
Produced in ovaries
Causes lining of uterus to grow stimulated the release of LH and inhibits release of FSH
What does LH do
Produced by pituitary gland
Stimulates ovulation
What does progesterone do
Produced in ovaries
Maintains lining of uterus
Inhibits the release of LH and FSH
What are ways to avoid pregnancy and how to?
Sterilisation - cutting or tying fallopian tubes in a female or sperm duct in a male
Natural methods - finding out when woman is most fertile and avoid sexual intercourse
Abstinence - don’t have inter course
What are barriers used to stop egg and sperm meeting
Non-hormonal
Condoms
Diaphragm
Spermicide
What are the Disadvantages of ivf
Multiple births
Success rate is low
Emotionally and physically stressful
What is ivf
- Collecting eggs from woman’s ovaries, then fertilising them in a lab using man’s sperm
- Sperm is injected directly into an egg
- Fertilised eggs are grown into embryos
- Once embryos are tiny balls of cells, one or two of them are transferred to woman’s uterus to improve chance of pregnancy
- FSH and LH are given before egg collection to stimulate several eggs to mature
What advances in technology has improved IVF
Microscope techniques - increased success rate
Specialised micro-tools - checks if cells are healthy
Time-lapsing imaging - growth of embryos can be continuously monitored
Why are people against IVF
Unethical
What is the organ system that includes pituitary glands, adrenal glands and pancreas called
Endocrine system
How do hormones travel from one gland to another gland
Through bloodstream
Which hormone is detected by ovulation test kits
LH
