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GCSE AQA Biology paper 2 > B5 Homeostasis and response > Flashcards

B5 Homeostasis and response Flashcards

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1
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

The ability for an organism to regulate internal conditions even if outside conditions change. For example, water levels and temperature.

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2
Q

What makes up the Nervous System?

A

CNS and PNS.

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3
Q

What is a receptor?

A

Something which reacts to a stimulus e.g. a hot stove.

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4
Q

What is an effector?

A

Something that causes you to react to the stimulus e.g. moving your hand away.

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5
Q

What is a reflex arc?

A

A signal which bypasses the brain and goes straight to the spinal cord - this is much quicker.

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6
Q

What are glands?

A

Secrete chemicals.

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7
Q

What are the different parts of the brain?

A

Cerebral cortex, cerebellum and medulla oblongata.

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8
Q

What does the cerebral cortex do?

A

memory, speech and problem solving.

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9
Q

What does the Cerebellum do?

A

motor skills: movement, balance and coordination.

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10
Q

What does the Medulla Oblongata do?

A

unconscious actions: heart and breathing rate, signals to adrenal glands to release adrenaline.

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11
Q

How can you see the activity in the brain?

A

MRI scans.

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12
Q

what happens when we see an object from far away?

A

Ciliary muscles relax, Suspensory ligaments tighten and the lens is thin.

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13
Q

What happens when we see something up close?

A

Ciliary muscles contract, suspensory ligaments slacken and there is a thick lens.

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14
Q

What does the pupil do?

A

Pupil can change shape depending on the amount of light.

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15
Q

What is Myopia?

A

Short-sightedness

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16
Q

What is Hyperopia?

A

Long-sightedness.

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17
Q

What is thermoregulation?

A

Body controlling its internal temperature.

18
Q

What happens when we are too hot?

A

Sweat glands produce water which evaporates, taking away heat. Blood vessels dilate: vasodilation.

19
Q

What happens when we are too cold?

A

Hairs stand on end to trap air (layer of insulation), shivering - muscles produce more heat, blood vessels contract - vasoconstriction.

20
Q

What is the Endocrine system?

A

A system of glands that secrete hormones to send signals to effectors, transported via blood.

21
Q

What is the Pituitary gland?

A

‘master’ gland. It sends signals to other glands.

22
Q

What is the Thyroid gland?

A

Controls growth, metabolism and more.

23
Q

What does the Pancreas do?

A

Secretes insulin (and glucagon) to control blood sugar.

24
Q

What does the Adrenal gland do?

A

Release adrenaline.

25
Q

What do the ovaries do?

A

release eggs and secrete hormones.

26
Q

What do the testes do/

A

produce sperm.

27
Q

What happens when there are high blood glucose levels?

A
  • pancreas secretes insulin.
  • causes glucose to move from bloodstream into cells to be used for respiration.
  • excess glucose converted into glycogen as energy store.
28
Q

What happens if there is low blood glucose levels?

A
  • pancreas secretes glucagon.
  • causes liver and muscles to convert glycogen back into glucose.
29
Q

What is type 1 diabetes?

A
  • pancreas cannot produce enough insulin.
  • insulin injections needed.
30
Q

What is type 2 diabetes?

A
  • cells do not absorb glucose as they should.
  • obesity increases risk.
31
Q

What hormone causes the storage carbohydrate to break down back into glucose?

A

Glucagon

32
Q

What carbohydrate can be stored?

A

Glycogen

33
Q

Other than injecting insulin, what is another way a diabetic person could help control their concentration of glucose in the blood?

A

Limit intake of simple carbohydrates.

34
Q

What is the function of testosterone?

A

Regulate sex drive, produce sperm and red blood cells.

35
Q

What is FSH?

A

Produced in pituitary gland, causes egg to mature in the ovaries, stimulates ovaries to release oestrogen

36
Q

What is Oestrogen?

A

Produced in ovaries, causes uterus lining to grow, stimulates release of LH.

37
Q

What is LH?

A

Produced in pituitary gland, stimulates release of an egg at day 14.

38
Q

What is Progesterone?

A

Produced in ovaries, maintains lining of uterus, inhibits release of LH and FSH

39
Q

What is the system for classifying humans?

A

Species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom

40
Q

Who created classification?

A

Carl Linnaeus

41
Q

What is involved in the Carbon cycle?

A

Death and decomposition, CO2 in atmosphere, photosynthesis, fossil fuels, combustion, cellular respiration.

GCSE AQA Biology paper 2 (3 decks)

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