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Bioligy > b5 diseases > Flashcards

b5 diseases Flashcards

1
Q

communicable diseases and examples

A

Communicable diseases are illnesses that spread from one person to another. (or animal/ surface to person) Diseases can be transmitted during air travel.
eg. common cold, flu, malaria, and stis

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2
Q

non-communicable disease and examples

A

Non-communicable diseases are diseases that are not spread through infection or through other people, but are typically caused by unhealthy behaviours
eg. heart disease, diabetes, strokes, cancer

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3
Q

examples of micro-organisms

A

viruses
bacteria
fungi
protists

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4
Q

what is a pathogen

A

a microorganism that can cause disease

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5
Q

what is the type of pathogen ebola is

A

ebola virus

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6
Q

how can ebola be transmitted

A

.direct contact with bodily fluid of an effected person
.contaminated surfaces

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7
Q

symptoms of ebola

A

.fever
.bleeding
.severe headaches
.muscle pain

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8
Q

treatment of ebola

A

supportive care including rehydration

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9
Q

prevention of ebola

A

.strict infection control mesures (isolation)
. contaminated surfaces
.public health education
.sterilisation

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10
Q

What can viruses only do inside the cells of living organisms

A

Reproduce

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11
Q

What are the two different ways viruses reproduce

A

Lytic pathway
Lysogenic pathways

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12
Q

What does sti and std stand for

A

STI- sexually transmitted infection
STD-sexually transmitted disease

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13
Q

How can cholera be transmitted

A

Contaminated food and water

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14
Q

Symptoms of cholera

A

Severe diarrhoea, vomiting, dehydration

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15
Q

Treatment of cholera

A

Supportive care, rehydration, antibiotics in severe cases

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16
Q

Prevention cholera

A

Access to clean water supply, proper sanitation and vaccination

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17
Q

How are Stomach ulcers transmitted

A

Through contaminated food and water

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18
Q

Symptoms of stomach ulcers

A

Stomach pain, nausea , vomiting, bloating

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19
Q

Treatment of stomach ulcers

A

Antibiotics, medications to reduce stomach acid

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20
Q

Prevention of stomach ulcer

A

Good hygiene practices, avoiding contaminated food and water , treating infections promptly

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21
Q

How is tuberculosis contaminated

A

Airborne, through droplets released when infected people cough

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22
Q

Symptoms of tuberculosis

A

Coughing, weight loss, fever , fatigue , lung damage

23
Q

Treatment of tuberculosis

A

Long term antibiotics

24
Q

Prevention tuberculosis

A

vaccine good ventilation and hygiene, and isolation of infected patients

25
Q

Does all bacteria cause disease

A

Only a small minority of bacteria cause disease. Lots of bacteria don’t affect other organisms at all, while many others are actually helpful.

26
Q

Are bacteria larger or smaller than animal and plant cells?

A

Smaller , 100x smaller the plant/animal cell

27
Q

Bacteria release small proteins called
.. These can damage our cells and are
responsible for many of the symptoms of bacterial diseases.

A

Toxins

28
Q

Are fungi unicellar or multi cellar

A

Both

29
Q

How are pathogens spread

A

.direct contact
.air: droplets
.contaminated food/water

30
Q

How to prevent pathogens spreading

A

. Hygiene (wash hands)
. Clean surfaces
. Vaccinations
. Isolation (serious)
. Kill vectors

31
Q

An example of a pathogen

A

Bacteria
Viruses
Protists
Fungi

32
Q

Example of viruses

A

Measles
HIV / AIDs
Tabacoo mosaic virus
Chicken pox

33
Q

Do viruses need a host

A

Yes
They can’t be produced on their own

34
Q

Example of bacteria diseases

A

. Gohnorea
. Salmonella

35
Q

How is black rose spot ( fungal disease ) spread

A

From water or wind

36
Q

Symptoms of rose black spot

A

Leaves drop of
Yellow leaves
Black spots

37
Q

What are parasites

A

Live in or inside other organisms

38
Q

How is malaria spread

A

Mosquitos that have previously been on infected organisms and have sucked up parasites as well

39
Q

How to prevent malaria

A

Mosquito nets / repellant
Destroy mosquito breeding sites
Kill with insecticides

40
Q

white blood cell

A

a blood cell that fight disease

41
Q

white blood cell

A

a blood cell that fight disease

42
Q

antibody

A

a protein that binds to a specific antigen and triggers the pathogens to be destroyed

43
Q

antibody

A

a protein that binds to a specific antigen and triggers the pathogens to be destroyed

44
Q

antibody production

A

when a white blood cell called lymphocyte produces antibodies

45
Q

non-specific defence

A

a general defence that works the same against all pathogens

46
Q

cilia

A

line the outside of trachea cells
they move lucas and other substances away from lungs

47
Q

what hate lysozymes used for in tears

A

destroy pathogens

48
Q

vector

A

any organism that spreads disease is a vector

49
Q

vector

A

any organism that spreads disease is a vector

50
Q

how can diseases be transmitted

A

. direct contact (shake hands, sexual contact)
. dirty water (cholera)
. air/droplet ( droplets of disease)
. un-hygienic food (salmonella)
. vector (any organisms that spreads disease)

51
Q

what physical defences do bodies have against pathogens

A

. nose- hair and micas trap pathogens entering lungs
. skin- covers body and protects pathogens
. scabs- form when breaks in skin

52
Q

what chemical defences do bodies have against pathogens

A

. tears - contain iysozymes anti bacterial
. stomach - produces hydraulic acid kills pathogens
. mucas - destroy bacteria cells

53
Q

how is conjunctivitis caused by

A

when pathogens are not killed by lysozymes in the eye

Bioligy (6 decks)

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