b5 diseases Flashcards by Grace Hillyard

communicable diseases and examples

Communicable diseases are illnesses that spread from one person to another. (or animal/ surface to person) Diseases can be transmitted during air travel.
eg. common cold, flu, malaria, and stis

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non-communicable disease and examples

Non-communicable diseases are diseases that are not spread through infection or through other people, but are typically caused by unhealthy behaviours
eg. heart disease, diabetes, strokes, cancer

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examples of micro-organisms

viruses
bacteria
fungi
protists

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what is a pathogen

a microorganism that can cause disease

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what is the type of pathogen ebola is

ebola virus

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how can ebola be transmitted

.direct contact with bodily fluid of an effected person
.contaminated surfaces

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symptoms of ebola

.fever
.bleeding
.severe headaches
.muscle pain

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treatment of ebola

supportive care including rehydration

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prevention of ebola

.strict infection control mesures (isolation)
. contaminated surfaces
.public health education
.sterilisation

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What can viruses only do inside the cells of living organisms

Reproduce

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What are the two different ways viruses reproduce

Lytic pathway
Lysogenic pathways

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What does sti and std stand for

STI- sexually transmitted infection
STD-sexually transmitted disease

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How can cholera be transmitted

Contaminated food and water

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Symptoms of cholera

Severe diarrhoea, vomiting, dehydration

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Treatment of cholera

Supportive care, rehydration, antibiotics in severe cases

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Prevention cholera

Access to clean water supply, proper sanitation and vaccination

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How are Stomach ulcers transmitted

Through contaminated food and water

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Symptoms of stomach ulcers

Stomach pain, nausea , vomiting, bloating

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Treatment of stomach ulcers

Antibiotics, medications to reduce stomach acid

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Prevention of stomach ulcer

Good hygiene practices, avoiding contaminated food and water , treating infections promptly

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How is tuberculosis contaminated

Airborne, through droplets released when infected people cough

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Symptoms of tuberculosis

Coughing, weight loss, fever , fatigue , lung damage

Treatment of tuberculosis

Long term antibiotics

Prevention tuberculosis

vaccine good ventilation and hygiene, and isolation of infected patients

Does all bacteria cause disease

Only a small minority of bacteria cause disease. Lots of bacteria don't affect other organisms at all, while many others are actually helpful.

Are bacteria larger or smaller than animal and plant cells?

Smaller , 100x smaller the plant/animal cell

Bacteria release small proteins called .. These can damage our cells and are responsible for many of the symptoms of bacterial diseases.

Toxins

Are fungi unicellar or multi cellar

Both

How are pathogens spread

.direct contact .air: droplets .contaminated food/water

How to prevent pathogens spreading

. Hygiene (wash hands) . Clean surfaces . Vaccinations . Isolation (serious) . Kill vectors

An example of a pathogen

Bacteria Viruses Protists Fungi

Example of viruses

Measles HIV / AIDs Tabacoo mosaic virus Chicken pox

Do viruses need a host

Yes They can’t be produced on their own

Example of bacteria diseases

. Gohnorea . Salmonella

How is black rose spot ( fungal disease ) spread

From water or wind

Symptoms of rose black spot

Leaves drop of Yellow leaves Black spots

What are parasites

Live in or inside other organisms

How is malaria spread

Mosquitos that have previously been on infected organisms and have sucked up parasites as well

How to prevent malaria

Mosquito nets / repellant Destroy mosquito breeding sites Kill with insecticides

white blood cell

a blood cell that fight disease

white blood cell

a blood cell that fight disease

antibody

a protein that binds to a specific antigen and triggers the pathogens to be destroyed

antibody

a protein that binds to a specific antigen and triggers the pathogens to be destroyed

antibody production

when a white blood cell called lymphocyte produces antibodies

non-specific defence

a general defence that works the same against all pathogens

cilia

line the outside of trachea cells they move lucas and other substances away from lungs

what hate lysozymes used for in tears

destroy pathogens

vector

any organism that spreads disease is a vector

vector

any organism that spreads disease is a vector

how can diseases be transmitted

. direct contact (shake hands, sexual contact) . dirty water (cholera) . air/droplet ( droplets of disease) . un-hygienic food (salmonella) . vector (any organisms that spreads disease)

what physical defences do bodies have against pathogens

. nose- hair and micas trap pathogens entering lungs . skin- covers body and protects pathogens . scabs- form when breaks in skin

what chemical defences do bodies have against pathogens

. tears - contain iysozymes anti bacterial . stomach - produces hydraulic acid kills pathogens . mucas - destroy bacteria cells

how is conjunctivitis caused by

when pathogens are not killed by lysozymes in the eye