b5 diseases Flashcards
communicable diseases and examples
Communicable diseases are illnesses that spread from one person to another. (or animal/ surface to person) Diseases can be transmitted during air travel.
eg. common cold, flu, malaria, and stis
non-communicable disease and examples
Non-communicable diseases are diseases that are not spread through infection or through other people, but are typically caused by unhealthy behaviours
eg. heart disease, diabetes, strokes, cancer
examples of micro-organisms
viruses
bacteria
fungi
protists
what is a pathogen
a microorganism that can cause disease
what is the type of pathogen ebola is
ebola virus
how can ebola be transmitted
.direct contact with bodily fluid of an effected person
.contaminated surfaces
symptoms of ebola
.fever
.bleeding
.severe headaches
.muscle pain
treatment of ebola
supportive care including rehydration
prevention of ebola
.strict infection control mesures (isolation)
. contaminated surfaces
.public health education
.sterilisation
What can viruses only do inside the cells of living organisms
Reproduce
What are the two different ways viruses reproduce
Lytic pathway
Lysogenic pathways
What does sti and std stand for
STI- sexually transmitted infection
STD-sexually transmitted disease
How can cholera be transmitted
Contaminated food and water
Symptoms of cholera
Severe diarrhoea, vomiting, dehydration
Treatment of cholera
Supportive care, rehydration, antibiotics in severe cases
Prevention cholera
Access to clean water supply, proper sanitation and vaccination
How are Stomach ulcers transmitted
Through contaminated food and water
Symptoms of stomach ulcers
Stomach pain, nausea , vomiting, bloating
Treatment of stomach ulcers
Antibiotics, medications to reduce stomach acid
Prevention of stomach ulcer
Good hygiene practices, avoiding contaminated food and water , treating infections promptly
How is tuberculosis contaminated
Airborne, through droplets released when infected people cough
Symptoms of tuberculosis
Coughing, weight loss, fever , fatigue , lung damage
Treatment of tuberculosis
Long term antibiotics
Prevention tuberculosis
vaccine good ventilation and hygiene, and isolation of infected patients
Does all bacteria cause disease
Only a small minority of bacteria cause disease. Lots of bacteria don’t affect other organisms at all, while many others are actually helpful.
Are bacteria larger or smaller than animal and plant cells?
Smaller , 100x smaller the plant/animal cell
Bacteria release small proteins called
.. These can damage our cells and are
responsible for many of the symptoms of bacterial diseases.
Toxins
Are fungi unicellar or multi cellar
Both
How are pathogens spread
.direct contact
.air: droplets
.contaminated food/water
How to prevent pathogens spreading
. Hygiene (wash hands)
. Clean surfaces
. Vaccinations
. Isolation (serious)
. Kill vectors
An example of a pathogen
Bacteria
Viruses
Protists
Fungi
Example of viruses
Measles
HIV / AIDs
Tabacoo mosaic virus
Chicken pox
Do viruses need a host
Yes
They can’t be produced on their own
Example of bacteria diseases
. Gohnorea
. Salmonella
How is black rose spot ( fungal disease ) spread
From water or wind
Symptoms of rose black spot
Leaves drop of
Yellow leaves
Black spots
What are parasites
Live in or inside other organisms
How is malaria spread
Mosquitos that have previously been on infected organisms and have sucked up parasites as well
How to prevent malaria
Mosquito nets / repellant
Destroy mosquito breeding sites
Kill with insecticides
white blood cell
a blood cell that fight disease
white blood cell
a blood cell that fight disease
antibody
a protein that binds to a specific antigen and triggers the pathogens to be destroyed
antibody
a protein that binds to a specific antigen and triggers the pathogens to be destroyed
antibody production
when a white blood cell called lymphocyte produces antibodies
non-specific defence
a general defence that works the same against all pathogens
cilia
line the outside of trachea cells
they move lucas and other substances away from lungs
what hate lysozymes used for in tears
destroy pathogens
vector
any organism that spreads disease is a vector
vector
any organism that spreads disease is a vector
how can diseases be transmitted
. direct contact (shake hands, sexual contact)
. dirty water (cholera)
. air/droplet ( droplets of disease)
. un-hygienic food (salmonella)
. vector (any organisms that spreads disease)
what physical defences do bodies have against pathogens
. nose- hair and micas trap pathogens entering lungs
. skin- covers body and protects pathogens
. scabs- form when breaks in skin
what chemical defences do bodies have against pathogens
. tears - contain iysozymes anti bacterial
. stomach - produces hydraulic acid kills pathogens
. mucas - destroy bacteria cells
how is conjunctivitis caused by
when pathogens are not killed by lysozymes in the eye
