B5: Communicable diseases Flashcards
1
Q
Communicable diseases
A
Diseases caused by pathogens that can be passed from one organism to another
- Direct contact with a pathogen or by a toxin made by a pathogen
- One infected person to another non infected person
- e.g. common cold or HIV
2
Q
Pathogens
A
Microorganisms that causes diseases
3
Q
Non-Communicable diseases
A
Are not infectious and cannot be passed from one organism to another
4
Q
What makes us ill?
A
Communicable and Non-Communicable diseases. Some others can include…
- Diet - Cancer, Type 2 diabetes if you over eat / anaemia if not enough food or nutrients
- Stress - too much stress then could lead to cancer, heart disease, mental health issues
- Life Situations
- Gender
- Where you live
- Financial status
- Ethnic group
- Number of children
5
Q
How Health problems interact…
A
6
Q
How pathogens cause diseases?
A
- Bacteria divide rapidly by splitting in two
- Viruses take over the cells of your body
7
Q
Bacteria vs Viruses
A
- Viruses are smaller
- Regular shapes
add more!
8
Q
How pathogens Spread?
A
- Air
- Direct Contact
- Water
9
Q
Preventing Infections…
A
10
Q
Viral Diseases…
A
11
Q
Bacterial Diseases…
A
- Affect animals and plants
- Salmonella Food Poisoning:
- Gonorrhoea
- Bacterial Disease in plants
12
Q
Salmonella Food Poisoning…
- Facts
- Symptoms
- How can it be prevented
A
- Bacteria living in the guts of many different animals
- Found in raw meat, poultry, eggs
- If in our bodies, distrupt the balance of the natural gut bacteria causing Salmonella Food Poisoning
- Caused by undercooked food (bacteria not killed by heating), food prepared in unhygenic conditions (food contaminated with Salmonella bacteria from raw meat
Sypmtoms…
- Develop with 8-72 hours of eating infected food
- Fever
- Abdominal cramps
- Vomiting
- Diarrhoea
…
- Doesn’t last many days
- No antibiotics given
- young children and elderly can be fatal (dehydration)
- In countries with malnutrition can be very serious
- The World Health Organisation Estimates that globally around 2.2 million children under 5 die from this and similar diseases each year
How can it be prevented?
- In the UK poultry is vaccinated against it to control the spread of the disease
- Keep raw chicken away from food that is eated uncooked
- Avoid washing raw chicken
- Wash hands and surfaces well after using raw chicken
- cook thoroughly
13
Q
Gonorrhoea…
A
- STD
- Spread with unprotected sex with an infected person
- If untreated, can cause a long-term pelvic pain, infertility and issues for born children (eye infection etc.)
Symptoms…
- Early stages = thick yellow or green discharge from the vagina or penis, pain during weeing
- 10% of infected men and 50% of infected women don’t get any symptoms
Treatment…
- Can be trated with antibiotics, used to be cured with penicilin but the bacteria is now resistant to it making it more difficult to treat
- Sexual partnes will also be given antibiotics to prevent it spreading to community
- Using a barrier method during sex
14
Q
Bacterial Disease in plants…
A
- Found in tropical and sub-tropical region
- Very few bacterials diseases of plants
Agrobacterium Tumefaciens:
- Bacterium that causes crown galls
- mass of unspecialised cells that often grow at the join between the root and shoot of infected plant
15
Q
Antibiotics for bacterial Diseases…
A
- You can use antiseptics and disinfectants to kill bacteria outside the body
- too poisinous to use inside the body
- Kill you and pathogens at same time
- Antibiotics have really changed the treatment of communicable diseases
- Medicines that work inside your body to kill bacterial pathogens
