B5 Communicable Disease

Question 1

Health

Answer 1

a state of physical and mental well-being

Question 2

Communicable diseases

Answer 2

are infectious and are caused by microorganisms called pathogens

Question 3

Different types of pathogens

Answer 3

Bacteria, Virus, Protist and Fungi

Question 4

Bacteria

Answer 4

Reproduces inside the body and may produce toxins that damage tissues

Question 5

Virus

Answer 5

live and reproduce inside cells and cause damage to cells

Question 6

Pathogens can be spread through…

Answer 6

Direct contact, water, air

Question 7

What type of Pathogen is measles, what are the symptoms, and how can it be treated

Answer 7

Virus- Fever, Red Skin rash, complications can be fatal, Treatment- no cure but use painkillers to relieve symptoms.

Question 8

How can be measles spread and how can spread be prevented

Answer 8

Inhaling droplets from sneezes and coughs , Get vaccinated

Question 9

HIV (Leading to AIDS)
Pathogen
Symptoms
Treatment

Answer 9

Virus
• Initially flu like, damages immune system causing AIDS . Leads to the body no longer being able to fight off dangerous diseases there for it can be fatal
• No cure , antiretroviral drugs can stop developing AIDS

Question 10

HIV ( leading AIDS)
How is it spread and how can spread be prevented?

Answer 10

Spread by: Sexual contact, Exchange of body fluids such as blood which can occur when drug users share needles

Prevent spread by Wearing condoms during sex and not sharing needles

Question 11

Tobacco mosaic virus (plants)
Pathogen
Symptoms
Treatment

Answer 11

TMV answers
Pathogen : virus
Symptoms: Creates mosaic pattern of discolouration one leaves , stunting growth due to lack of photosynthesis
Treatment: No cure, only preventation

Question 12

TMV, how is it spread and can spread be prevented?

Answer 12

TMV spread by contact with other plants , naturally, or farmers’ gloves.
Prevent spread by destroying infected plants • Wash infected tools / gloves

Question 13

Salmonella (food poisoning):
Pathogen
Symptoms
Treatment

Answer 13

Salmonella:
Bacteria
Symptoms: Fever, abdominal cramps, vomiting, diarrhoea
Treatment: antibiotics

Question 14

Gonorrhoea:
Pathogen
Symptoms
Treatment

Answer 14

Gonorrhoea:
Bacteria
Thick yellow/green discharge from the
vagina/penis - Pain when urinating
Antibiotics ( penicillin) some strains are resistant

Question 15

Gonorrhoea, how is it spread and how can spread be prevented!

Answer 15

Gonorrhoea can be spread by sexual contact but spread can be prevented by wearing condoms during sex

Question 16

Malaria :
Pathogen
Symptoms
Treatment

Answer 16

Pathogen: Protists
Fever , can be fatal
Antimalarial drugs

Question 17

How is malaria spread and how can spread be prevented?

Answer 17

Spread when bitten by infected mosquitoes
Prevent spread by destroying mosquito breading grounds ands use mosquito nets to avoid being bitten

Question 18

Rose black spot (plants)
Pathogen
Symptoms
Treatment

Answer 18

Rose black spot
Fungus
Purple/black spots on leaves, turn yellow and drop off , stunting growth due to lack of photosynthesis
-Use fungicides ( chemicals which kills fungi)

Question 19

How is Rose black spot spread and how can spread be prevented

Answer 19

Spread through water splashes or wind spreads fungus from plant to plant
- Prevent spread by using fungicides and destroy infected leaves

Question 20

What non specific defences does the nose have?

Answer 20

Hairs and mucus in our
noses trap and stop
pathogens from being
inhaled.

Question 21

What is a non specific defence?

Answer 21

A non specific defence is defences against pathogens from getting in and infecting the body

Question 22

What non specific defences do the trachea and bronchi have?

Answer 22

Lined with sticky mucus that
traps the pathogens we
inhale. Tiny hairs called cilia
‘waft’ the mucus and remove
it from the tubes in our
lungs

Question 23

What non specific defences does the skin have?

Answer 23

Is a thick, tough barrier that
stops pathogens from getting
into our blood. Blood clots form
to “plug up” any cuts to the skin

Question 24

What non specific defences does the stomach have?

Answer 24

The stomach is very acidic and
destroys most bacteria on our
food.

Question 25

What make up the immune system

Answer 25

White blood cells

Question 26

What process can white blood cells do starting with E?
Challenge: what is the proper name

Answer 26

WBC can engulf and destroy pathogens in a process called phagocytosis

Question 27

What process can White blood cells do involving proteins?

Answer 27

Release antibodies. Proteins that specifically bind to the shape of a pathogen antigens and destroy the pathogens.

Question 28

White blood cell process involving bacteria

Answer 28

Release antitoxins that deactivate the toxins produced by bacteria.

Question 29

Name the physical defences plants have to pathogens

Answer 29

Cellulose - In plant walls, acts as a barrier
Tough waxy cuticle- on leaves acts as a barrier
Some plants have thick layer of bark made of dead cells (forms a barrier) Pathogens can be removed from surface when bark falls off

Question 30

Chemical defences to pathogens on plants

Answer 30

Some plants produce antibacterial chemicals eg mint and witch hazel

Question 31

Defects in the immune system could mean…

Answer 31

An individual is more likely to suffer from infectious diseases ( eg. The way AIDS could cause someone to die from a simple common cold)

Question 32

Viruses living in cells can be…

Answer 32

Can be the triggers for cancers
(eg. HPV virus can trigger cervical cancer)

Question 33

Immune reactions initially caused by a pathogen can…

Answer 33

Can trigger allergies such as skin rashes and asthma

Question 34

Severe physical ill health can lead to

Answer 34

depression and other mental illnesses