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GCSE Biology > B5 Communicable Disease > Flashcards

B5 Communicable Disease Flashcards

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1
Q

Health

A

a state of physical and mental well-being

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2
Q

Communicable diseases

A

are infectious and are caused by microorganisms called pathogens

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3
Q

Different types of pathogens

A

Bacteria, Virus, Protist and Fungi

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4
Q

Bacteria

A

Reproduces inside the body and may produce toxins that damage tissues

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5
Q

Virus

A

live and reproduce inside cells and cause damage to cells

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6
Q

Pathogens can be spread through…

A

Direct contact, water, air

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7
Q

What type of Pathogen is measles, what are the symptoms, and how can it be treated

A

Virus- Fever, Red Skin rash, complications can be fatal, Treatment- no cure but use painkillers to relieve symptoms.

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8
Q

How can be measles spread and how can spread be prevented

A

Inhaling droplets from sneezes and coughs , Get vaccinated

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9
Q

HIV (Leading to AIDS)
Pathogen
Symptoms
Treatment

A

Virus
• Initially flu like, damages immune system causing AIDS . Leads to the body no longer being able to fight off dangerous diseases there for it can be fatal
• No cure , antiretroviral drugs can stop developing AIDS

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10
Q

HIV ( leading AIDS)
How is it spread and how can spread be prevented?

A

Spread by: Sexual contact, Exchange of body fluids such as blood which can occur when drug users share needles

Prevent spread by Wearing condoms during sex and not sharing needles

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11
Q

Tobacco mosaic virus (plants)
Pathogen
Symptoms
Treatment

A

TMV answers
Pathogen : virus
Symptoms: Creates mosaic pattern of discolouration one leaves , stunting growth due to lack of photosynthesis
Treatment: No cure, only preventation

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12
Q

TMV, how is it spread and can spread be prevented?

A

TMV spread by contact with other plants , naturally, or farmers’ gloves.
Prevent spread by destroying infected plants • Wash infected tools / gloves

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13
Q

Salmonella (food poisoning):
Pathogen
Symptoms
Treatment

A

Salmonella:
Bacteria
Symptoms: Fever, abdominal cramps, vomiting, diarrhoea
Treatment: antibiotics

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14
Q

Gonorrhoea:
Pathogen
Symptoms
Treatment

A

Gonorrhoea:
Bacteria
Thick yellow/green discharge from the
vagina/penis - Pain when urinating
Antibiotics ( penicillin) some strains are resistant

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15
Q

Gonorrhoea, how is it spread and how can spread be prevented!

A

Gonorrhoea can be spread by sexual contact but spread can be prevented by wearing condoms during sex

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16
Q

Malaria :
Pathogen
Symptoms
Treatment

A

Pathogen: Protists
Fever , can be fatal
Antimalarial drugs

17
Q

How is malaria spread and how can spread be prevented?

A

Spread when bitten by infected mosquitoes
Prevent spread by destroying mosquito breading grounds ands use mosquito nets to avoid being bitten

18
Q

Rose black spot (plants)
Pathogen
Symptoms
Treatment

A

Rose black spot
Fungus
Purple/black spots on leaves, turn yellow and drop off , stunting growth due to lack of photosynthesis
-Use fungicides ( chemicals which kills fungi)

19
Q

How is Rose black spot spread and how can spread be prevented

A

Spread through water splashes or wind spreads fungus from plant to plant
- Prevent spread by using fungicides and destroy infected leaves

20
Q

What non specific defences does the nose have?

A

Hairs and mucus in our
noses trap and stop
pathogens from being
inhaled.

21
Q

What is a non specific defence?

A

A non specific defence is defences against pathogens from getting in and infecting the body

22
Q

What non specific defences do the trachea and bronchi have?

A

Lined with sticky mucus that
traps the pathogens we
inhale. Tiny hairs called cilia
‘waft’ the mucus and remove
it from the tubes in our
lungs

23
Q

What non specific defences does the skin have?

A

Is a thick, tough barrier that
stops pathogens from getting
into our blood. Blood clots form
to “plug up” any cuts to the skin

24
Q

What non specific defences does the stomach have?

A

The stomach is very acidic and
destroys most bacteria on our
food.

25
Q

What make up the immune system

A

White blood cells

26
Q

What process can white blood cells do starting with E?
Challenge: what is the proper name

A

WBC can engulf and destroy pathogens in a process called phagocytosis

27
Q

What process can White blood cells do involving proteins?

A

Release antibodies. Proteins that specifically bind to the shape of a pathogen antigens and destroy the pathogens.

28
Q

White blood cell process involving bacteria

A

Release antitoxins that deactivate the toxins produced by bacteria.

29
Q

Name the physical defences plants have to pathogens

A

Cellulose - In plant walls, acts as a barrier
Tough waxy cuticle- on leaves acts as a barrier
Some plants have thick layer of bark made of dead cells (forms a barrier) Pathogens can be removed from surface when bark falls off

30
Q

Chemical defences to pathogens on plants

A

Some plants produce antibacterial chemicals eg mint and witch hazel

31
Q

Defects in the immune system could mean…

A

An individual is more likely to suffer from infectious diseases ( eg. The way AIDS could cause someone to die from a simple common cold)

32
Q

Viruses living in cells can be…

A

Can be the triggers for cancers
(eg. HPV virus can trigger cervical cancer)

33
Q

Immune reactions initially caused by a pathogen can…

A

Can trigger allergies such as skin rashes and asthma

34
Q

Severe physical ill health can lead to

A

depression and other mental illnesses

GCSE Biology (3 decks)

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