B5 Communicable Disease Flashcards
Health
a state of physical and mental well-being
Communicable diseases
are infectious and are caused by microorganisms called pathogens
Different types of pathogens
Bacteria, Virus, Protist and Fungi
Bacteria
Reproduces inside the body and may produce toxins that damage tissues
Virus
live and reproduce inside cells and cause damage to cells
Pathogens can be spread through…
Direct contact, water, air
What type of Pathogen is measles, what are the symptoms, and how can it be treated
Virus- Fever, Red Skin rash, complications can be fatal, Treatment- no cure but use painkillers to relieve symptoms.
How can be measles spread and how can spread be prevented
Inhaling droplets from sneezes and coughs , Get vaccinated
HIV (Leading to AIDS)
Pathogen
Symptoms
Treatment
Virus
• Initially flu like, damages immune system causing AIDS . Leads to the body no longer being able to fight off dangerous diseases there for it can be fatal
• No cure , antiretroviral drugs can stop developing AIDS
HIV ( leading AIDS)
How is it spread and how can spread be prevented?
Spread by: Sexual contact, Exchange of body fluids such as blood which can occur when drug users share needles
Prevent spread by Wearing condoms during sex and not sharing needles
Tobacco mosaic virus (plants)
Pathogen
Symptoms
Treatment
TMV answers
Pathogen : virus
Symptoms: Creates mosaic pattern of discolouration one leaves , stunting growth due to lack of photosynthesis
Treatment: No cure, only preventation
TMV, how is it spread and can spread be prevented?
TMV spread by contact with other plants , naturally, or farmers’ gloves.
Prevent spread by destroying infected plants • Wash infected tools / gloves
Salmonella (food poisoning):
Pathogen
Symptoms
Treatment
Salmonella:
Bacteria
Symptoms: Fever, abdominal cramps, vomiting, diarrhoea
Treatment: antibiotics
Gonorrhoea:
Pathogen
Symptoms
Treatment
Gonorrhoea:
Bacteria
Thick yellow/green discharge from the
vagina/penis - Pain when urinating
Antibiotics ( penicillin) some strains are resistant
Gonorrhoea, how is it spread and how can spread be prevented!
Gonorrhoea can be spread by sexual contact but spread can be prevented by wearing condoms during sex
Malaria :
Pathogen
Symptoms
Treatment
Pathogen: Protists
Fever , can be fatal
Antimalarial drugs
How is malaria spread and how can spread be prevented?
Spread when bitten by infected mosquitoes
Prevent spread by destroying mosquito breading grounds ands use mosquito nets to avoid being bitten
Rose black spot (plants)
Pathogen
Symptoms
Treatment
Rose black spot
Fungus
Purple/black spots on leaves, turn yellow and drop off , stunting growth due to lack of photosynthesis
-Use fungicides ( chemicals which kills fungi)
How is Rose black spot spread and how can spread be prevented
Spread through water splashes or wind spreads fungus from plant to plant
- Prevent spread by using fungicides and destroy infected leaves
What non specific defences does the nose have?
Hairs and mucus in our
noses trap and stop
pathogens from being
inhaled.
What is a non specific defence?
A non specific defence is defences against pathogens from getting in and infecting the body
What non specific defences do the trachea and bronchi have?
Lined with sticky mucus that
traps the pathogens we
inhale. Tiny hairs called cilia
‘waft’ the mucus and remove
it from the tubes in our
lungs
What non specific defences does the skin have?
Is a thick, tough barrier that
stops pathogens from getting
into our blood. Blood clots form
to “plug up” any cuts to the skin
What non specific defences does the stomach have?
The stomach is very acidic and
destroys most bacteria on our
food.
What make up the immune system
White blood cells
What process can white blood cells do starting with E?
Challenge: what is the proper name
WBC can engulf and destroy pathogens in a process called phagocytosis
What process can White blood cells do involving proteins?
Release antibodies. Proteins that specifically bind to the shape of a pathogen antigens and destroy the pathogens.
White blood cell process involving bacteria
Release antitoxins that deactivate the toxins produced by bacteria.
Name the physical defences plants have to pathogens
Cellulose - In plant walls, acts as a barrier
Tough waxy cuticle- on leaves acts as a barrier
Some plants have thick layer of bark made of dead cells (forms a barrier) Pathogens can be removed from surface when bark falls off
Chemical defences to pathogens on plants
Some plants produce antibacterial chemicals eg mint and witch hazel
Defects in the immune system could mean…
An individual is more likely to suffer from infectious diseases ( eg. The way AIDS could cause someone to die from a simple common cold)
Viruses living in cells can be…
Can be the triggers for cancers
(eg. HPV virus can trigger cervical cancer)
Immune reactions initially caused by a pathogen can…
Can trigger allergies such as skin rashes and asthma
Severe physical ill health can lead to
depression and other mental illnesses
