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science yr10 > b5 biology revision > Flashcards

b5 biology revision Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what’s the definition of heath

A

the state of mental and physical well being

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2
Q

what are non communicable and communicable diseases caused of

A

pathogens

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3
Q

give ways communicable diseases can be spread

A

-water
-air
-droplet infection
-food
- direct contact

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4
Q

give ways non communicable diseases can be spread

A

they cant be spread from one person to another

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5
Q

what are some examples of communicable diseases

A
  • a flu
  • influenza
    -measles
    -covid 19
    -malaria
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6
Q

what are some examples of non communicable diseases

A

-diabetes
-depression
-obesity
-high blood pressure

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7
Q

what are some factors that cause ill health

A

-diet
-stress
-life situations (gender , amount of kids you have )

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8
Q

whats the definition of pathogen

A

microorganisms that cause disease

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9
Q

what are the 4 examples of pathogens

A
  • bacteria
  • viruses
  • protists
  • fungi
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10
Q

what are viruses smaller than

A

bacteria

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11
Q

how do pathogens make you feel ill

A

they produce toxins and attack / destroy your cells

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12
Q

what do you need to culture microorganisms

A

-you need to provide them with all the nutrients needed ( in a culture median )
- you also need warmth and oxygen

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13
Q

how do viruses cause cell damage

A

they live and reproduce inside your cells , damaging them

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14
Q

what nutrients do culture medians contain

A

-carbohydrates
-minerals
-nitrogen
-other chemicals (sometimes)

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15
Q

tell me the step by step culturing microorganisms

A

1) sterilise the inoculating loop by heating it until it turns red hot in the flame . Now let it cool but make sure to not place it down when cooling or blowing on it
2)dip the sterilised loop in a suspension of the bacteria you want to grow and use it to make zigzag streaks across the surface of the agar . Replace the lid as quickly as you can
3) fix the lid on the dish with tape to prevent microorganisms from the air contaminating the culture ( or microbes escaping ). make sure to not seal the lid all the way to ensure oxygen enters to prevent dangerous anaerobic bacteria growing
4)the petri dish should be labelled and made sure to be stored upside down so no condensation falls onto the agar surface

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16
Q

how do bacteria multiply

A

single cell division

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17
Q

what temperature should the cultures be stored at

A

25 degrees maximum

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18
Q

how fast does bacteria multiply

A

as often as 20 minutes

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19
Q

whats the formula for finding out the number of bacteria in the population

A

bacteria at the beggining of the growth period x 2 ^ number of divisions

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20
Q

what work did ignas semmeleweis do

A

found out that hygenie helped many woman survive birth

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21
Q

what are the ways to prevent spread of disease

A
  • simple hygiene measures
  • destroying vectors
  • isolation of infected individuals
  • vaccination
22
Q

how does vaccination prevent disease

A

when individual is injected with small harmless pathogens memory cells are produced for next time

23
Q

how can measles virus be spread

A

droplet infection

24
Q

what are symptoms of measles

A

red skin rash and fever

25
Q

how can measles be prevented from spreading

A
  • vaccination
  • isolation of patients
26
Q

what are symptoms of hiv

A

flu like symptoms

27
Q

how can hiv be spread

A
  • sexual contact
  • exchange of bodly fluids
  • blood transfers
28
Q

how can hiv be prevented / cured

A

-antiretroviral drugs

29
Q

how is tmv spread

A

direct contact and vectors

30
Q

how does tmv damage the plant

A

turns leaves yellow and reduces photosynthesis

31
Q

how is tmv virus prevented

A

field hygiene and pest control

32
Q

give two examples of bacterial diseases

A
  • salmonella
  • gonorrhoea
33
Q

what are symptoms of salmonella

A
  • abdominal cramps
  • diarrhoea
  • vomiting
34
Q

how can salmonella be prevented

A
  • vaccinating all poultry in uk
  • cooking food thoroughly
35
Q

what is gonorrhoea

A

sexually transmitted disease

36
Q

symptoms of gonorrhoea

A
  • discharge from penis or vagina
  • pain when peeing
37
Q

how can gonorrhoea be prevented /cured

A
  • using antibiotics
  • using condoms
  • reducing amount of sexual partners
38
Q

what pathogen cause rose black spot

A

fungi

39
Q

how does rose black spot affect the plant

A

leaves fall off and reduces growth meaning no photosynthesis is able to occur

40
Q

how is rose black spot spread

A

wind and water

41
Q

what pathogen causes malaria

A

parasitic protists

42
Q

how is malaria spread

A

bite of female mosquito

43
Q

what are the symptoms of malaria

A

shaking and fever

44
Q

what does malaria effect

A

blood and liver

45
Q

how can malaria be stopped from spreading

A

put up mosquito nets and stop the reproduction of mosquitos

46
Q

what are some examples of primary line defence

A

-skin
-eyelashes/ tears
-scabs
-hairs in our nose

47
Q

what are some examples of secondary line defences

A

-stomach acid
-white blood cells
-cilia

48
Q

how do white blood cells protect you from pathogens

A

will detect antigen then ingest the pathogen and make antibodies specific to the antigen

49
Q

how can plant diseases be detected

A
  • garden manuals
  • labratory tests
50
Q

what are some physical plant defences against organisms

A
  • cellulose cell walls
  • tough waxy cuticles
  • layers of bark
51
Q

what are some chemical plant defences

A
  • poison
  • antibacterial chemicals
52
Q

what mechanical adaptations do some plants have

A

thorns and hairs

science yr10 (3 decks)

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