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Biology B4-6 > B5 > Flashcards

B5 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a synovial joint?

A

Either hinge or ball and socket, synodical membrane secretes synovial fluid which cushions during movement. Ligaments and cartilage also present

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2
Q

What are the four arteries / veins going into the heart?

A

Vena cava, pulmonary artery, aorta, pulmonary vein.

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3
Q

What two scientists have looked at circulation?

A

Galen (200AD) believed blood flowed in tides between the liver and heart
William Harvey found out about blood vessels, he knew argues were under high pressure and the veins had valves

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4
Q

What are the pacemakers?

A

Control hearts beat- Sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node

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5
Q

What is an ECG and what is an echocardiogram?

A

ECG (electrocardiogram) monitors electrical impulses

Echocardiogram uses ultrasound to create a picture of the heart

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6
Q

What are anticoagulants used for and what are three examples?

A

Warfarin, Heparin, Asprin- reduce risk of blood clots

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7
Q

What are the markers on the surface of red blood cells which makes the cell clump if it detects an antigen?

A

Agglutinins

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8
Q

How are alveoli adapted?

A
  • Rich blood supply
  • Large surface area (more gas exchange)
  • Moist, thin, permeable surface
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9
Q

What does starch break down into?

A

Starch —> Maltose (double sugar) —> Glucose (single sugar)

By carbohydrase

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10
Q

What does the stomach do?

A

Breaks proteins down into amino acids by protease

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11
Q

What are the adaptations of the small intestine?

A
  • Long, thin, permeable lining
  • Micro villi and villi for large surface area
  • Rich blood supply
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12
Q

Name the parts of the kidney and what they do

A

Cortex (outside layer), medulla, renal artery (dirty blood in), renal vein (clean blood out), ureter (to bladder)

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13
Q

What are the steps of filtration that happen in a kidney nephron/tubule?

A

Ultrafiltration- blood forced through glomerulus and most water is pushed into bowmans capsule as well as small substances.
Selective reabsorbtion- Useful substances are reabsorbed into blood
Salt and water regulation- Water is absorbed back into the loop of henlé

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14
Q

What controls water content in your blood?

A

ADH, Anti-diuretic hormone, produce in brain, effects permeability of tubules, example of negative feedback

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15
Q

What does FSH do?

A

Produced in the pituitary gland, stimulates egg to ripen, stimulates for ovaries to release oestrogen

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16
Q

What does oestrogen do?

A

Negative feedback on FSH (stops it so only one egg ripens), stimulates pituitary gland to release LH, repairs uterus lining

17
Q

What does LH do?

A

Causes egg to be released, produced by pituitary gland

18
Q

What does progesterone do?

A

Maintains uterus lining, produced by ovaries

19
Q

What is foetal screening?

A

Ultrasound reveal sex, multiple babies and any problems without harm.
Aminocentesis analyses cells in the amniotic fluid and is checked for disabilities. 1 in 200 babies die from it

20
Q

What does an immunosuppressive drug do?

A

Stops people’s bodies rejecting a donor organ

21
Q

What factors effect growth?

A

Amount of growth hormone produced, diet, exercise, inherited information, diseases and conditions

22
Q

What are the problems with living longer?

A
  • Degenerative diseases
  • Aging population
  • Pressure on working population
  • More taxes
23
Q

What does the pancreas do?

A

Makes digestive enzymes and insulin

24
Q

What do the liver an gal bladder do?

A

Produce bile

25
Q

What does the large intestine do?

A

Absorbs water into blood

26
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

When food is squished (oesophagus) by muscles so you can eat upside down

27
Q

What does the small intestine do?

A

Digests and absorbs food into blood

28
Q

What is egestion?

A

Getting rid of solid waste

29
Q

What is excretion?

A

Getting rid of waster products made by body processes, i.e. Urea, carbon dioxide, sweat

30
Q

What does bile do?

A

Emulsified fat droplets so lipase can work faster

31
Q

What is inspiration?

A

Air moves into lungs, diaphragm contracts and flattens, rib age raised, more volume

32
Q

What is exhalation?

A

Air is forced out, decrease in volume, diaphragm relaxes and pushes up, riva age lowers

33
Q

How does blood clot?

A

Platelets gather at the site, fibrin builds over the wound to make a scab (combination of platelets, fibrin and plasma)

34
Q

How does gas exchange work in fish?

A

Fish gulp water through their mouths its pushed out of their gills. Oxygen is absorbed by the filaments and transported into the blood supply. They can’t breathe air because it’s too dense to push through the gill filaments

Biology B4-6 (4 decks)

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