B5

Question 1

What are the main symptoms of measles?

Answer 1

The main symptoms are a fever and a red skin rash.

Question 2

How is measles spread?

Answer 2

It is spread through the inhalation of droplets from coughs and sneezes.

Question 3

How is measles treated?

Answer 3

There is no treatment for measles.

Question 4

Why is measles now rare in the UK?

Answer 4

Measles is now rare in the UK as a result of improved living conditions and a vaccination programme for young children.

Question 5

What are the initial symptoms of HIV?

Answer 5

The symptoms are mild flu-like illness to begin with.

Question 6

How does the HIV virus cause damage and lead to AIDS?

Answer 6

It attacks the immune cells and remains hidden in the immune system until it is so badly damaged that it can no longer deal with infections or certain cancers, leading to AIDS.

Question 7

How is HIV spread?

Answer 7

HIV is spread through sexual contact and the exchange of body fluids such as blood. It can also be spread from a mother to her baby through breast milk.

Question 8

How is HIV treated?

Answer 8

There is no cure for HIV and no vaccine against it. The spread of the disease can be prevented by using condoms.

Question 9

Which plants are affected by the Tobacco Mosaic Virus?

Answer 9

It affects over 150 species of plant including tomato plants and tobacco plants.

Question 10

Why is it called a ‘mosaic’ virus?

Answer 10

It is called a mosaic virus as it causes a ‘mosaic’ pattern of discoloration on the leaves as the virus destroys the cells.

Question 11

How is TMV spread?

Answer 11

It is spread through contact between diseased plant material and healthy plants; insects can act as a vector as well.

Question 12

How is TMV treated?

Answer 12

There is no treatment for TMV; good field hygiene can prevent it.

Question 13

What are Salmonella and where are they found?

Answer 13

Salmonella are bacteria that live in the guts of many different animals.

Question 14

What is Gonorrhoea?

Answer 14

Gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted disease.

Question 15

What are the symptoms of salmonella infection?

Answer 15

The symptoms of a salmonella infection include abdominal cramps, vomiting, and diarrhoea.

Question 16

How is salmonella infection spread?

Answer 16

It is spread by unprotected sexual contact with an infected person.

Question 17

What are the symptoms of Gonorrhoea infection (short-term and long-term)?

Answer 17

The early symptoms include a thick yellow or green discharge from the crotch and pain in urination. Untreated gonorrhoea can cause long-term pelvic pain, infertility, and ectopic pregnancies.

Question 18

How is Gonorrhoea treated?

Answer 18

The spread of gonorrhoea can also be prevented by a sexual barrier such as a condom.

Question 19

How can salmonella infection be prevented?

Answer 19

To prevent it, keep raw chicken away from food that is eaten uncooked, avoid washing raw chicken, and wash hands well before and after dealing with raw chicken.

Question 20

What are the symptoms of rose black spot infection?

Answer 20

It causes purple or black spots to develop on the leaves, the leaves often turn yellow and drop early.

Question 21

How is rose black spot spread?

Answer 21

The spores of the fungus are spread in the environment, carried by the wind. They are then spread over the plant after it rains in drips of water that splash from one leaf to another.

Question 22

How can the spread of rose black spot be prevented?

Answer 22

Gardeners try to prevent the spread by removing and burning affected leaves and stems. Chemical fungicides can also help to treat the disease and prevent it spreading.

Question 23

What does it mean that the protist causing malaria is referred to as a ‘parasite’?

Answer 23

This means that they live and feed off other living organisms.

Question 24

How are mosquitoes involved in the spread of the malarial protist parasite?

Answer 24

The mosquitoes act as vectors of the disease. The female mosquito needs two meals of human blood before she can lay her eggs and this is when the protists are passed into the human bloodstream.

Question 25

What are the symptoms of malaria?

Answer 25

Malaria causes recurrent episodes of fever and shaking when the protists burst out of the blood cells, and it can be fatal.

Question 26

How can the spread of malaria be controlled?

Answer 26

1. Using insecticides to kill mosquitoes in homes and offices. 2. Preventing the vectors from breeding by removing standing water and spraying water with insecticides to kill the larvae. 3. Travellers can take antimalarial drugs that kill the parasites in the blood if they are bitten by an infected mosquito.