B5

Question 1

what is classification?

Answer 1

grouping organisms who share characteristics or similarities in DNA

Question 2

what is Artificial classification?

Answer 2

based on observable characteristics (appearance)

Question 3

What is natural classification?

Answer 3

uses DNA

Question 4

what are species?

Answer 4

group of organisms that is able to reproduce to produce fertile offspring

Question 5

what is binomial nomenclature?

Answer 5

genus and species

Question 6

what is largest group you can classify by?

Answer 6

Kingdom

Question 7

classifying groups

Answer 7

kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species

Question 8

keep ponds clean or frogs get sick

Answer 8

kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species

Question 9

what are the hierarchal groups known as (species, genus..)

Answer 9

taxa

Question 10

smallest classifying group?

Answer 10

species

Question 11

what are phenotypes?

Answer 11

characteristics which are observed in an organism

Question 11

what is an inherited phenotype?

Answer 11

genetic information from biological parents
stored as DNA in the nucleus

Question 12

what is an environmental phenotype?

Answer 12

phenotype based on surroundings

Question 13

what is a genome?

Answer 13

all of an organisms genetic material

Question 14

what are characteristics?

Answer 14

a feature or quality belonging to an organism

Question 14

what can variation be split in to?

Answer 14

discontinuous
continuous

Question 15

what is environmental variation?

Answer 15

differences caused by the environment

Question 16

what is genetic variation?

Answer 16

differences caused by an organisms genetic material

Question 17

what is discontinuous variation?

Answer 17

categoric data

Question 18

what is continuous variation?

Answer 18

data between values

Question 19

a mutation is a change in DNA base sequence by….

Answer 19

original
deletion
insertion
substitution

Question 19

what is a mutation?

Answer 19

a change in DNA

Question 20

what is a gamete?

Answer 20

a sex cell

Question 21

what is sperm?

Answer 21

male gamete

Question 22

what is egg?

Answer 22

female gamete

Question 23

what is fertilisation?

Answer 23

where the gametes join

Question 24

what is a zygote?

Answer 24

a fertilised egg

Question 24

what is the seed?

Answer 24

fertilised plant egg

Question 25

what is pollen?

Answer 25

male plant gamete

Question 26

what is the fertilised plant egg?

Answer 26

seed

Question 26

what is the male plant gamete?

Answer 26

pollen

Question 27

what is sexual reproduction?

Answer 27

joining of sex cells genes/DNA from 2 parents mix

Question 27

what is produced by the end of meiosis?

Answer 27

4 haploid daughter cells .NOT identical to parent cell or eachother

Question 28

What is meiosis?

Answer 28

how gametes are produced .type of cell division to create gametes

Question 29

order of meiosis Start with parent cell

Answer 29

parent cell - DNA replication - line up in the middle - (nuclear membrane breaks down) - pulled to opposite ends - (nuclear membrane reforms) - cytokinesis - line up in the middle - pulled to opposite ends - cytokinesis - 4 daughter cells

Question 30

differences between mitosis and meiosis? cell division

Answer 30

mitosis 1 round meiosis 2 rounds

Question 31

differences between mitosis and meiosis? what's it used for

Answer 31

mitosis used for growth meiosis used to create gametes

Question 32

differences between mitosis and meiosis? how many cells does it create

Answer 32

mitosis 2 new cells meiosis 4 new cells

Question 33

differences between mitosis and meiosis? what cells does it create

Answer 33

mitosis creates diploid cells meiosis creates haploid cells

Question 34

does meiosis create identical cells?

Answer 34

NO

Question 34

does mitosis create identical cells?

Answer 34

YES

Question 35

where does mitosis take place?

Answer 35

stem cells

Question 36

where does meiosis take place?

Answer 36

testes and ovaries

Question 37

advantages of sexual reproduction?

Answer 37

creates more variation

Question 38

what are alleles?

Answer 38

different versions of a gene

Question 38

what are different versions of the same gene?

Answer 38

allele

Question 38

why is cloning more common in plants than animals?

Answer 38

plant cells retain ability to differentiate but animals do not

Question 39

what is homozygous?

Answer 39

2 identical alleles for an inherited characteristics

Question 40

what is heterozygous?

Answer 40

2 different alleles for an inherited characteristic

Question 41

when is a recessive allele expressed?

Answer 41

homozygous recessive bb

Question 42

is you have 2 different alleles what is expressed?

Answer 42

DOMINANT

Question 43

who is Gregor Mendel?

Answer 43

studied inheritance of different characteristics in pea plants red white flowered plants and red flowered plants - red was dominant

Question 44

what is adaptation?

Answer 44

characteristics that increase yoiur chances of surving

Question 45

adaptation example in camels?

Answer 45

.double eyelid and long eyelashes to keep sand out eyes .pads on feet so you can climb up steep hills

Question 46

who was Charles Darwin?

Answer 46

studied variation in plants, animals and fossils theory of evolution

Question 47

natural selection cycle?

Answer 47

mutation variation best adapted survival pass on genes frequency to genotype increases

Question 48

what is evolution?

Answer 48

gradual changes in a species overtime

Question 48

finch bird natural selection example?

Answer 48

.mutation of tweezer beak .variation in beaks tweezer beak could pick up more food so its best adapted .tweezer beak is more likely to survive because it gets more food .tweezer beak allele passed onto the next generation .frequency for that genotype will increase

Question 49

what is natural selection?

Answer 49

mechanism of evolution survival of the fittest

Question 50

describe process of fossilisation?

Answer 50

.An organism dies and is quickly buried by sediment .Soft tissues decompose, leaving only the hard bones or shells behind. .The sediment around the remains thickens and turns to stone. .The skeleton dissolves, leaving a mold. .Minerals crystallize inside the mold, forming a cast.

Question 50

what is Charles Lyall?

Answer 50

some fossil guy

Question 51

problems with fossil records?

Answer 51

.incomplete - not all of it will be found some are damaged

Question 52

who was Alfred Wallace?

Answer 52

independently created the same theory as Charles Darwin

Question 53

what is evidence for evolution?

Answer 53

.fossil record (formed - incomplete) .peer review (Alfred Wallace, created same theory) .DNA comparison

Question 54

what is phylogeny?

Answer 54

study of evolutionary relationships

Question 55

what do you use to model evolution and why?

Answer 55

bacteria gives a faster timescale as they reproduce quickly

Question 56

what are clones

Answer 56

genetically identical to eachother + the parent cell

Question 57

what are chromosomes?

Answer 57

long molecules addof DNA

Question 58

advantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 58

.produce lots of offspring quickly .only 1 parent needed - reproduce whenever

Question 59

disadvantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 59

.no genetic variation if environment changes whole pop becomes affected

Question 60

advantages of sexual reproduction

Answer 60

.genetic variation - leads to evolution

Question 61

disadvantages of sexual reproduction

Answer 61

.takes more time and energy .2 parents needed - problem if things are isolated